不同生育期大麦抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

Identification of drought resistance and selection of drought resistance indicators in barley at different growth periods

【目的】筛选不同生育时期大麦抗旱材料以及相应时期重要的抗旱指标,为大麦抗旱性育种提供参考。【方法】以84份大麦种质为材料,采用PEG模拟干旱对大麦萌发期、苗期的主要性状指标进行鉴定;同时在干旱棚内进行田间试验,设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理,测定干旱对成株期大麦有效穗数、地上生物量、株高、穗下节间长、穗长、主穗质量、主穗粒数、主穗粒质量和单株产量的影响;并借助SPSS 25、DPS分析软件分别对大麦不同生育期的性状指标进行相关性分析、聚类分析和灰色关联度分析。【结果】根长可作为大麦萌发期抗旱性鉴定的可靠指标,地上部鲜质量和根表面积可作为大麦苗期抗旱性重要鉴定指标,主穗质量可作为成株期大麦对干旱胁迫积极响应的性状指标。不同生育期大麦抗旱指标的相关性分析结果表明,大麦苗期的根部性状与萌发期多个性状之间存在显著相关,萌发期萌发指标与成株期性状指标间均不存在显著正相关关系。聚类分析结果表明,大麦萌发期仅有1份干旱敏感材料(h-53);苗期抗旱材料共2份(h-52、h-73);成株期抗旱材料8份,中度抗旱材料15份,敏感材料61份;萌发期和成株期均抗旱的材料为h-80;萌发期和苗期均表现敏感的材料为h-53。【结论】由于不同生育期干旱胁迫时长不同,进而影响了大麦对干旱胁迫的响应,由不同生育期共同筛选得到的抗旱材料与敏感材料更具有可靠性和说服力。

【Objective】This study screened drought-resistant barley materials in different growth periods and related important drought-resistant indexes in corresponding periods to provide reference for drought-resistant breeding of barley.【Method】Major trait indexes of 84 barley germplasms at germination and seedling stages were identified by PEG simulated drought.Field experiments were also carried out in a dry shed,with two treatments of normal irrigation and drought stress,to determine the effects of drought on number of effective spikes,aboveground biomass,plant height,internode length under the spikes,spike length,main spike mass,number of grains in main spikes,main spike quality and yield of a single mature plant.With the help of SPSS 25 and DPS analysis software,correlation analysis,cluster analysis and gray correlation analysis were performed on trait indexes of different periods.【Result】Root length can be used as a reliable indicator for drought resistance identification in barley at germination stage,aboveground fresh mass and surface area of root can be used as identification indicators for drought resistance in seedling stage,while main spike mass can be used as a trait indicator for positive response to drought stress in barley at planting stage.There were significant correlations between root traits at seedling stage and several traits at germination stage,while there were no significant positive correlations between traits at germination and planting stages.Cluster analysis showed that there was only one drought-sensitive material(h-53)in the germination stage,and there were two drought-resistant materials in seedling stage(h-52,h-73).There were 8 drought-resistant materials,15 moderately drought-resistant materials and 61 sensitive materials in planting stage.There was one drought-resistant material(h-80)in both germination and planting stages,and there was one sensitive material(h-53)in both germination and seedling stages.【Conclusion】The drought-resistant and sensitive materials obtained from common screening of different growth periods were more reliable and convincing,as different drought treatment durations at different growth periods affected the response of barley to drought levels.