谷栗立体套种下谷子耐荫性评价方法的建立及应用

Establishment and application of evaluation method for shade tolerant of foxtail millet under stereo interplanting of foxtail millet and chestnut tree

【目的】开展谷栗等立体套种模式下谷子耐荫性评价方法研究,以利于挖掘耐荫谷子种质资源,培育耐荫型谷子新品种。【方法】通过连续多年遮荫条件下的种植鉴定,挖掘耐荫材料;通过耐荫概念的剖析,确定耐荫直接性状;通过耐荫材料、非耐荫材料各性状耐荫系数与耐荫直接性状耐荫系数的相关性分析及各性状的遗传力分析,确定耐荫相关性状;通过耐荫相关性状耐荫系数间的相关性分析,确定耐荫标志性状;通过耐荫材料在遮荫、非遮荫条件下各耐荫性状的对比分析,确定耐荫性评价标准。【结果】挖掘出耐荫性较好的谷子育种材料206058,在10年林龄和15年林龄板栗园立体套种,分别较大田减产1.23%~4.28%和4.43%~6.96%。确定了谷子耐荫直接性状为产量,5个耐荫相关性状分别为株高、出谷率、根轮数、光合耐荫系数和光合耐荫指数,耐荫标志性状为光合耐荫系数。确定了谷子耐荫材料性状特征,并建立了谷子耐荫资源鉴定标准:根轮数10年林龄和15年林龄板栗园立体套种均为不育材料≥4轮、恢复(常规)材料≥5轮;株高增量10年林龄板栗园下≤3 cm、15年林龄板栗园下≤4 cm;出谷率增量10年林龄板栗园下≥-2%、15年林龄板栗园下≥-4%;光合耐荫系数10年林龄板栗园下≥0.35、15年林龄板栗园下≥0.20;光合耐荫指数10年林龄和15年林龄板栗园下均≥1.0,满足上述5个特征的材料为耐荫材料,满足上述2~4个特征的材料为中度耐荫材料,其他为非耐荫材料。【结论】提出了“耐荫标志性状初筛、耐荫相关性状系统鉴定”的谷子耐荫性鉴定方法,利用该方法鉴定筛选出谷子耐荫材料6份,分别为206058、201094、JK4-95、JK4-227、谷56A和谷51A。

【Objective】The evaluation method for shade tolerance of foxtail millet under stereo interplanting of foxtail millet and chestnut tree was established to mine shade-tolerant foxtail millet germplasm resources and breed new shade-tolerant foxtail millet varieties.【Method】This study mined shade-tolerant materials through planting and identification under shaded conditions for multiple years,and determined the direct traits of shade tolerance through concept dissection of shade tolerance.The related traits were determined by correlation analysis between shade tolerance coefficients of different traits and shade tolerance coefficients of direct traits of shade tolerance in shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant materials,and heritabi-lity analysis of different traits.Marker traits of shade tolerance were determined by correlation analysis among shade tolerance coefficients of related traits of shade tolerance,and evaluation standards of shade tolerance were determined through comparative analysis of shade tolerance traits of shade-tolerant materials under shaded and non-shaded conditions.【Result】The foxtail millet breeding material 206058 was mined with good shade tolerance,and its yield was reduced by 1.23%-4.28%and 4.43%-6.96%under stereo interplanting in 10 and 15 years old chestnut orchards in comparison with the yield in field.Yield was determined as the direct trait of shade tolerance in foxtail millet,and the five related traits were plant height,percentage of grain weight per ear,number of root wheel,photosynthetic shade tolerance coefficient and photosynthetic shade tolerance index,while the marker trait was photosynthetic shade tolerance coefficient.The characteristics of shade-tolerant materials were determined,and the identification standards of shade-tolerant resources were established.The numbers of root wheel of sterile material under stereo interplanting in 10 and 15 years old chestnut orchards were greater than or equal to four,and the numbers of restorer material(conventional material)were greater than or equal to five;The increment of plant height in 10 years old chestnut orchard was less than or equal to three centimeters,and that in 15 years old chestnut orchard was less than or equal to four centimeters;The increment of grain weight per ear in 10 years old chestnut orchard was greater than or equal to minus two percent,and that in 15 years old chestnut orchard was greater than or equal to minus four percent;The photosynthetic shade tolerance coefficient in 10 years old chestnut orchard was greater than or equal to 0.35,and that in 15 years old chestnut orchard was greater than or equal to 0.20;The photosynthetic shade tolerance indexes in 10 and 15 years old chestnut orchards were greater than or equal to 1.0.The materials meeting five characteristics were shade-tolerant materials,those meeting two to four characteristics were medium shade-tolerant materials,and the rest were shade-intolerant materials.【Conclusion】The identification method of foxtail millet shade tolerance was proposed,which was preliminary screening of marker traits of shade tolerance and systematic identification of related traits.Six shade-tolerant foxtail millet materials including 206058,201094,JK4-95,JK4-227,Gu56A and Gu51A were screened and identified.