小胶质细胞极化介导的神经炎症在血管性痴呆中的作用机制

Mechanisms of Microglia Polarization-mediated Neuroinflammation in Vascular Dementia

血管性痴呆是脑血管病变所引起的认知功能障碍,其发病机制源于脑血管损害引起低脑血流灌注等一系列病理过程。小胶质细胞是人体天然免疫系统的重要组成部分,可在不同的微环境信号刺激下分化为具有促炎作用的M1型和具有抗炎作用的M2型,产生多种具有神经毒性或神经保护作用的细胞因子。近年来,调控小胶质细胞极化、减少过度炎症反应成为治疗神经退行性疾病的重要策略。本文通过介绍与小胶质细胞极化有关的主要信号通路及血管性痴呆中小胶质细胞极化介导的神经炎症的作用,明确小胶质细胞的极化平衡在疾病治疗中的重要作用,为相关临床研究提供新思路。

Vascular dementia is a cognitive impairment caused by cerebrovascular disease.Its pathogenesis is derived from a series of pathological processes such as low cerebral blood perfusion caused by cerebrovascular damage.Microglia is an important part of the human innate immune system.Under the stimulation of different microenvironmental signals,microglia can differentiate into M1 type with pro-inflammatory effects and M2 type with anti-inflammatory effects,and produce a variety of cytokines with neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects.In recent years,regulating the polarization of microglia and reducing excessive inflammatory response have become important strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.By introducing the main signaling pathways related to microglia polarization and the role of microglia polarization-mediated neuroinflammation in vascular dementia,this paper clarified the important role of microglia polarization balance in the treatment of vascular dementia and provided new ideas for related clinical research.