考虑不确定性的集装箱港口资源调度研究综述

Research Review of Container Port Resource Scheduling Considering Uncertainty

集装箱港口是一个实现公-铁-水多种运输方式转运的多阶段协同作业系统,系统中各种装备资源的调度对港口的作业具有重要影响。然而,港口装备作业过程中存在许多不确定因素,增大了对港口资源分配和调度的难度,如何处理港口资源调度中的不确定性逐渐成为当前研究的焦点。系统梳理了过去20年与“不确定环境下集装箱港口资源调度”相关的文献,分析了文献中所涉及的港口不确定性问题的特征及主要解决方法。在构建了当前研究的生态模型后,得出两个主要结论:第一,港口的不确定性可以分为两大主要类别29个子类别,即具有16个子类别的“模糊不确定性”和具有13个子类别的“突发或冲突事件”;第二,在已有的研究中,对港口中存在的不确定因素主要有四种处理方法,即“鲁棒前摄性调度”“预反应式调度”“完全反应式调度”和“滚动窗口重调度”。在探讨当前文献的主要关注点、亮点和不足之处的基础上,从新问题和新方法的角度提出了对未来研究的建议。

Container ports are important nodes on a logistics network,which has strong impact on the economic activities of a region and even a country.In port operation,there are many uncertain factors in both the external and internal parts of the port system,which increases the difficulty of port resources allocation and scheduling.How to deal with the uncertainty of container port resource scheduling and use all kinds of limited resources more scientifically to better achieve operational goals has gradually become the focus of the logistics industry and academia.Against this background,we reviewed the literature related to"container port resources scheduling under uncertain environment"in the past 20 years,and analyzed the uncertainties of container ports and the methods often used to deal with them according to such literature.On this basis,we constructed the ecological model for container port resources scheduling,and drew two main conclusions as follows.(1)The uncertainties in container ports can be divided into two main categories,namely 16 sub-categories of"vague uncertainties"and 13 sub-categories of"sudden or conflict events".Therefore,it is necessary to comprehensively consider all the uncertainties relevant in container port resource scheduling.(2)In existing studies,there are four main ways to deal with the uncertain factors of container ports,namely robust proactive scheduling,pre-reactive scheduling,fully reactive scheduling and rolling window rescheduling;and there are four common research methods,including mixed integer programming modeling,heuristic algorithm,genetic algorithm and simulation.Then,we divided the objects of container port scheduling into three categories,which are single resource scheduling,dual resources joint scheduling,and three or more resources integrated scheduling,went over the relevant literature,and summarized their research ideas and methods,achievements and shortcomings.Finally,we proposed some suggestions for future research,and pointed out that the future research should solve the new uncertainties brought by the new era demand to port production and operation,and constantly explore new ways to deal with uncertainties to improve the accuracy of prediction.