民机侧壁板抗鸟撞性能评估方法研究

Research on Evaluation Method for Bird Impact Resistance of Civil Aircraft Side Panels

【目的】抗鸟撞性能一直是飞机适航性的重要检验因素之一。为探究某民机机头侧壁板的抗鸟撞性能,采用铆钉失效占比评估法、能量法以及剩余承载力评估法这3种方法进行评估。【方法】通过PAM-CRASH软件模拟3种构型侧壁板的鸟撞情况,验证了数值模型的有效性,并基于3种试验件的鸟撞破坏情况对上述方法的可靠性进行评估。【结果】研究结果表明,铆钉失效占比越低表明结构的抗鸟撞性能越好;结构的铆钉吸能占比大小提升且蒙皮吸能占比大小降低时,结构的抗鸟撞性能得以提升;剩余承载力评估法能够定量化分析抗鸟撞性能,当损伤因子越低,其抗鸟撞性能越好。【结论】对侧壁板试验件抗鸟撞性能评估法的适用性与局限性进行总结,为后期民机的安全设计和研究开发提供有价值的参考。

【Purposes】 Bird impact resistance has always been one of the important testing factors for aircraft airworthiness. In order to explore the bird impact resistance performance of civil aircraft nose side panel, three methods of rivet failure ratio assessment, energy method, and residual bearing capacity assessment are used to evaluate. 【Methods】 The effectiveness of the numerical model was verified by simulating the bird impact behavior of three types of side wall panels by using PAM-CRASH software, and the reliability of the above method was evaluated according to the bird impact failure of the three test specimens. 【Findings】 The research results indicate that the lower the proportion of rivet failures, the better the bird impact resistance of the structure;When the proportion of rivet energy absorption increases and the proportion of skin energy absorption decreases, the anti-bird-collision performance of the structure is improved;Among the above methods, the residual bearing capacity evaluation method can realize quantitative analysis of the bird impact resistance performance. The lower the damage factor value, the better the bird impact resistance performance of the side wall panel. 【Conclusions】 By summarizing the applicability and limitations of the bird impact performance evaluation method for side wall panels, this work provides valuable reference for the safety design and research and development of later civil aircraft.