增材制造铝合金残余应力研究现状及展望

Current status and prospects of research on residual stress in additive manufacturing of Al alloys

增材制造铝合金构件在制造过程中产生的残余应力已成为影响其性能的关键因素。全面了解导致残余应力形成的潜在机制并制定有效的预测和控制策略,对提高铝合金部件的结构性能至关重要。本文系统地阐述了增材制造铝合金残余应力领域的最新研究进展。首先,讨论了残余应力在增材制造铝合金性能方面的影响,包括对缺陷、组织及机械性能的影响;其次,分析了残余应力的产生机制,涉及复杂的热应力场与显微组织演变;同时,审查了影响残余应力的各种因素,发现其主要与构件结构和制造工艺有关;然后,探讨了多种先进检测技术的应用情况,包括X射线衍射法、中子衍射法等;此外,综述了基于精确模型的预测方法及表面处理等调控策略对改善构件残余应力方面的效果。最后,总结并展望了增材制造铝合金残余应力的发展趋势和方向。

The residual stress,generated during the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy components,has be-come a critical factor influencing their performance.A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms re-sponsible for forming residual stress and developing effective prediction and control strategies are essential for enhanc-ing the structural performance of aluminum alloy parts.This paper systematically reviews the latest research advance-ments in residual stress in the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys.Firstly,the influence of residual stress on the properties of aluminum alloy components is discussed,including their impact on defects,microstructures,and me-chanical properties.Secondly,the mechanisms of residual stress generation are analyzed,involving complex thermal stress fields and microstructure evolution.Various factors affecting the residual stress,primarily related to component design and manufacturing processes,are also analyzed.Furthermore,the application of advanced detection tech-niques,such as X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction,is described.The significant effects of accurate model-based prediction methods and modulation strategies,such as surface treatment,on improving component residual stress are also reviewed.Finally,the paper concludes with a summary and prospects on the future trends and directions in the study of residual stress in the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys.