基于不同人群膳食营养状况分析结核患者营养不良的影响因素

Factors influencing malnutrition in tuberculosis patients based on analysis of nutritional status in different populations

目的基于不同人群了解结核病患者的膳食营养状况和饮食结构,分析结核患者营养状况的影响因素,为改善其临床营养相关问题提供理论依据。方法随机抽取结核病患者、非结核病患者、健康者进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行描述分析。用率和构成比进行统计学描述,定性资料采用相对数描述,不同健康状况组间比较总体率和构成比用χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05;把单因素差异有统计学意义的自变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果结核患者、非结核患者、健康者的营养状况(χ^(2)=62.184,P<0.05)和膳食摄入多样化评分(χ^(2)=64.049,P<0.05)均存在差异。单因素分析结果显示,结核患者营养状况体质指数(BMI)在性别、吸烟、以肉为主、以蔬菜为主、均有,适中、膳食多样化评分(DDS)分级的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),健康者营养状况BMI在性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况、职业、文化程度、吸烟、饮白酒、饮啤酒、以肉食为主、均有,适中的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),将单因素分析差异有统计学意义的变量分别引入二者的多因素有序Logistic回归分析模型,结果显示,文化程度、以蔬菜为主、均有,适中、DDS分值为4~6分是结核患者营养状况BMI的独立影响因素(P<0.05),婚姻状况是非结核患者营养状况BMI的独立影响因素(P<0.05),而性别、职业是健康者营养状况BMI的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论三类人群的膳食营养状况有所不同,需有针对性地开展健康教育,尤其是对于结核患者,需要重视膳食摄入不均的问题,引导当地结核患者培养良好的饮食行为习惯。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and dietary structure of tuberculosis patients among different populations,analyze the factors influencing the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients,and provide theoretical basis for improving clinical nutrition and related issues in tuberculosis patients.Methods Tuberculosis patients,non-tuberculosis patients,and healthy individuals were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey.Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0 software.Statistical description was performed using rates and composition ratios,and qualitative data were described using relative numbers.Chi-square test was used to compare overall rates and composition ratios among different health conditions groups,with a significance level ofα=0.05.Independent factors analysis of nutritional status body mass index(BMI)was conducted using multiple Logistic regression analysis for variables with statistically significant differences in the univariate analysis.Results There were differences in the nutritional status(χ^(2)=62.184,P<0.05)and dietary diversity score(χ^(2)=64.049,P<0.05)among tuberculosis patients,non-tuberculosis patients,and healthy individuals.Univariate analysis of nutritional status BMI showed statistically significant differences in gender,smoking,meat-based diet,vegetable-based diet,moderate diet diversity score,and 6 other variables for tuberculosis patients(P<0.05),and in gender,age,ethnicity,marital status,occupation,education level,smoking,drinking white wine,drinking beer,meat-based diet,moderate diet,and 11 other variables for healthy individuals(P<0.05).The variables with statistically significant differences in the univariate analysis were included in the multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis model for both tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals.The results showed that the level of education,vegetable intake,moderate food diversity score(DDS)of 4-6 were independent influencing factors of nutritional status BMI among tuberculosis patients(P<0.05);marital status was an independent influencing factor of nutritional status BMI among non-tuberculosis patients(P<0.05);while gender and occupation were independent influencing factors of nutritional status BMI among healthy individuals(P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary nutritional status of the three population groups varied.Targeted health education should be conducted,especially for tuberculosis patients,to address the issue of uneven dietary intake and promote good dietary habits among local tuberculosis patients.