小麦种质资源性状分析及遗传多样性评价

Trait Analysis and Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Wheat Germplasm Resources

为筛选适宜在江苏淮河以南地区生长的小麦种质资源,为后续育种工作提供参考。本研究分析了国内外257份小麦种质资源的株高、千粒质量、穗粒数等12个农艺及品质性状的变异情况,通过遗传多样性分析、相关性分析及系统分析,发现除了淀粉含量(质量分数,下同)外各性状都有较大的变异幅度,其中白粉病抗性的抗性类型最为丰富,遗传多样性指数达到1.2736,籽粒品质性状之间的相关性较显著,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、淀粉含量之间均呈极显著相关(<0.01);利用系统聚类分析将257份种质分为10类,且主要分布在5个类群,各个类群的性状各具特点,其中第Ⅰ类群的种质资源农艺性状较好,抗性优良,白粉病、锈病发病指数均在2以下,但蛋白质含量较低,平均蛋白质含量为13.17%,可以进行优质弱筋小麦的遗传育种。

To screen wheat germplasm resources suitable for growth in the Huainan area of Jiangsu Province and provide reference for subsequent breeding work,this study analyzed the variation of 12 agronomic and quality traits,such as plant height,thousand grain weight,and number of grains per spike,among 257 wheat resources at home and abroad.Through genetic diversity analysis,correlation analysis and systematic analysis,it was found that except for starch content,all traits had a significant range of variation.Among them,the resistance type to powdery mildew was the most abundant,with a genetic diversity index of 1.2736.The correlation among grain quality traits was the most significant,and there were significant differences among protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value and starch content(P<0.05).The system clustering divides 257 germplasm resources into 10 categories,mainly distributed in 5 groups,and each group has its own characteristics.The germplasm resources of Group I have good agronomic traits and excellent resistance.The incidence index of powdery mildew and rust is below 2,but the protein content is relatively low,with an average protein content of 13.17%.It can be used for genetic breeding of high-quality weak gluten wheat.