旱地小麦新品种云麦84的丰产性、稳产性和产量构成因素分析

Analysis of High Yield,Stability and Yield Components of New Dryland Wheat Variety Yunmai 84

为了解旱地小麦新品种云麦84的产量特性和推广应用价值,利用云南省2019—2021年地麦区域试验数据和2020—2021年生产试验数据,对云麦84的丰产性、稳产性和产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明,云麦84在2019—2021年2年度区域试验平均产量分别为5620.5、5223.0 kg/hm^(2),生产试验平均产量为5202.5 kg/hm^(2),在参试品种中均排名前列,且显著高于对照品种云麦56,表明其丰产性优;高稳系数在2019—2020年排名第3,2020—2021年排名第9,说明云麦84的产量年际间差异较大;产量构成因素分析表明,穗粒数变异系数较大,说明穗粒数受环境影响较大;相关性分析表明,穗粒数、千粒质量与产量互呈显著正相关关系,说明可通过增加穗粒数和千粒质量增加产量。综合分析,云麦84是一个高产旱地小麦新品种,其高产栽培的重点是增加穗粒数和千粒质量。

In order to understand the yield characteristics and promotion value of the new dryland wheat variety Yunmai 84,the high yield,stability and yield components of Yunmai 84 were analyzed based on the regional trial data of dryland wheat in Yunnan Province from 2019 to 2021 and the production trial data from 2020 to 2021.The results showed that the average regional trial yield of Yunmai 84 from 2019 to 2021 was 5620.5 kg/hm^(2) and 5223.0 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and the average production trial yield was 5202.5 kg/hm^(2),which ranked the top among varieties in the test and was significantly higher than the control variety Yunmai 56,indicating its excellent yield performance.The high stability coefficient ranked the 3rd from 2019 to 2020 and the 9th from 2020 to 2021,indicating a significant interannual difference in the yield of Yunmai 84.The analysis of yield components of Yunmai 84 shows that the coefficient of variation of grain number per spike is relatively large,indicating that grain number per spike is greatly affected by the environment.Correlation analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation among the grain number per spike,the thousand-seed weight and yield,indicating that increasing the grain number per spike and the thousand-seed weight can increase yield.Based on comprehensive analysis,Yunmai 84 is a new high-yield dryland wheat variety,and the key of its high-yield cultivation is to increase the grain number per spike and the thousand-seed weight.