国审小麦品种瑞华麦518的选育、性状分析及育种启示

Breeding,Trait Analysis and Breeding Inspiration of National Approved Wheat Variety Ruihuamai 518

以国审优质小麦品种瑞华麦518为对象,研究分析其亲本、选育经过及在国家试验中产量、品质和部分农艺性状表现,旨在为黄淮南片麦区培育优质、高产、广适小麦新品种提供参考。结果表明,瑞华麦518遗传背景包括了高产、优质、抗病、早熟、广适种质,遗传基础丰富。国家黄淮南片区域试验2年比对照周麦18增产均达极显著水平,生产试验比对照周麦18增产6.77%,居参试品种第1位,增产点率达100.0%。区域试验2年与最优品种差异不显著比例和适应度分别居第2、3位,具备广泛适应性。产量3要素协调,区域试验2年平均穗数654.8万个/hm^(2),穗粒数33.4粒/穗,千粒质量40.4 g,为多穗型广适小麦品种。农业农村部谷物品质监督检验测试中心品质检测结果显示:区域试验2年瑞华麦518主要品质指标平均达中强筋小麦标准。综合分析表明,合理选择亲本能有效实现育种目标,多穗型、多抗品种利于高产稳产,丰富遗传基础是培育广适品种的有效途径。

Taking the nationally approved wheat variety Ruihuamai 518 as the object,we studied its parents,breeding process,and the performance of yield,quality and other agronomic traits in national and regional trials,so as to provide a reference for breeding new wheat varieties with high quality,high yield and wide suitability in the southern Huang-huai Plain.The results showed that Ruihuamai 518 has a rich genetic base including high yield,high quality,disease resistance,early maturity and wide suitability.Compared with the control Zhoumai 18,the yield increase of the national southern Huang-huai Plain regional trial reached a very significant level in two years,with an increase of 6.77%in the production test.This variety ranked No.1 among the tested varieties,with a yield increase rate of 100%.The proportion of insignificant differences between this variety and the best variety ranked second,and its adaptability ranked third.It also had a wide range of adaptability.The three factors of yield of this variety are coordinated,the average number of spikes is 6.548 million/hm^(2),the number of grains per spike is 33.4,and the thousand-grain weight is 40.4 g.It is a multi-panicle and wide-adaptability wheat variety.The quality test results of Grain Quality Supervision,Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural areas showed that the main quality indexes in the two years of regional test reached the average standard of medium-strong gluten wheat.Comprehensive analysis shows that reasonable selection of parents can effectively achieve breeding goals,and multi-panicle type and multi-resistant varieties are more conducive to high and stable yield.Enriching the genetic basis is an effective way to breed widely suitable varieties.