“南屏晚钟”声景名胜评价与优化策略研究

Research on the Evaluation and Optimization Strategy of "Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill" Soundscape Scenic Spot

以西湖风景名胜区“南屏晚钟”景区为例,基于景区内62个点位的现场监测与公众调查,共收集436份有效问卷,分析主客观声景感知指标的时空变化特征,并利用GIS系统绘制各类声景图,从时间、空间、人文三个维度展现“南屏晚钟”景区的声景分布特点。结果表明:①在时间维度中可知早上是欣赏自然声的最佳时段;中午是赏钟的最佳时间,且要注意降低整体景区的声级;下午时段人工声显著性最高,需要着重于人工声的控制;②空间维度上可分为自然休息区、静谧区、声景活跃区以及噪声控制区。自然休息区要注重自然声的营造;静谧区需要增加声景多样性以提高声景活跃度;声景活跃区应作为钟声的最佳听赏区域,凸显场地的钟声主题;而噪声控制区则需要注意噪声的减弱和屏蔽;③在人文维度中,挖掘钟声为景区人文标志声,并根据钟声感知分布绘制了游览路线图。利用声景地图技术全面直观地揭示了“南屏晚钟”景区的声景现状,并以此为依据提出具体的优化策略,以期为“南屏晚钟”声景名胜的优化和管理提供参考。

The paper takes the West Lake Scenic Spot"Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill"scenic spot as an example.Based on the on-site monitoring of 62 points in the scenic spot and the public survey,a total of 436 valid questionnaires are collected to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of subjective and objective soundscape perception indicators,and the GIS system is used to draw all kinds of soundscape maps to show the distribution characteristics of the soundscape in the three dimensions of time,space and humanities.The distribution characteristics of soundscape in the scenic area of"Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill"are shown in three dimensions:time,space and humanities.The results show that:①in the time dimension,it can be seen that the morning is the best time to appreciate the natural sound;noon is the best time to appreciate the bell,and attention should be paid to reducing the overall sound level of the scenic area;the afternoon time is the highest significance of the artificial sound,and it is necessary to pay attention to the control of the artificial sound;②in the spatial dimension,it can be divided into the natural resting area,the quiet area,the soundscape active area,and the noise control area.The natural rest area should focus on the creation of natural sound;the quiet area needs to increase the diversity of the soundscape to improve the soundscape activity;the soundscape active area should be the best listening area for bells,highlighting the bell theme of the site;and the noise control area needs to pay attention to the attenuation and shielding of the noise.③In the humanistic dimension,the excavation of bells is a scenic humanistic landmark sound,and a tour roadmap has been drawn based on the distribution of the bells'perceptions.This study uses soundscape map technology to comprehensively and intuitively reveal the current status of the soundscape of the"Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill"scenic spot,and proposes specific optimization strategies based on it,hoping that it can guide the optimization and management of the"Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill"soundscape attractions.