传统与近自然造林模式16年成效对比研究——以沅陵县木王村杉木造林小班为例

A 16-Year Comparative Effectiveness Study of Traditional and Near-Natural Silvicultural Models-Taking the Small Class of Cunninghamia lanceolata Afforestation in Muwang Village,Yuanling County as an Example

通过对沅陵县以传统和近自然造林模式营造的2个小班进行对比研究,期望能为沅陵县及怀化市的营造林工程提供参考。连续观测沅陵县木王村以传统和近自然模式营造的2个杉木小班16年,每年调查造林树种的胸径和树高,2024年3月调查2个小班的保存树种和林木蓄积量。利用回归分析进行胸径、树高预测,生态效能方面计算和分析两种模式单位面积碳储量。结果表明:2种造林模式保存株数、树高生长差别不大,近自然模式林分平均胸径和单位面积碳储量比传统造林模式分别高出16.80%、115.63%。近自然模式小班有7种乔木树种,大多是本地森林群落建群种的壳斗科树种,近自然模式生物多样性比传统模式丰富;树高最高的阔叶树枫香平均高比杉木高2.6m,林分有形成复层林的可能。观测数据说明近自然模式在诸多方面优于传统模式,是可以在当地推广和实践的优越的造林模式。

Through the comparative study of the two small classes built by traditional and near natural afforestation models in Yuanling County,it is expected to provide a reference for the afforestation projects in Yuanling County and Huaihua City.Two small classes of Cunninghamia lanceolata planted by traditional and near natural models in Muwang Village,Yuanling County were continuously observed for 16 years,and the DBH and height of afforestation trees were investigated every year.In March 2024,the preserved trees and forest stock of the two small classes were investigated.Regression analysis was used to predict DBH and tree height,and ecological efficiency was used to calculate and analyze carbon storage per unit area of the two models.The results show that there was no significant difference in the number of preserved trees and the growth of tree height between the two afforestation models.The average DBH and carbon storage per unit area were 16.80%and 115.63%higher than those of traditional afforestation models,respectively.There were 7 species of trees in the near-natural model group,most of which were fagaceae species in the local forest community.The biodiversity of near-natural model was richer than that of traditional model.The average height of the highest broad-leaved tree is 2.6m higher than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata,and the stand has the possibility of forming a multilayer forest.The observation data show that the near nature model is superior to the traditional model in many aspects,and it is an excellent afforestation model that can be popularized and practiced locally.