私密信息刑法保护之反思与重构

The Shortcoming and Reconstruction of Criminal Law Protection of PrivateInformation

现行刑法借助相关罪名附带保护私密信息。这种保护模式主次颠倒,不合时宜,既会形成制度漏洞,又难以实现罚当其罪。随着信息时代的到来,私密信息与个人信息之间的差异越发明显,私密信息更易被侵害,在前置法中两者已经走向分治,况且刑法保护私密信息与个人信息的目标不同,这些客观情况都要求私密信息与个人信息分域而治。侵害私密信息虽然给他人造成的伤害事后难以补救,但总体上仍然属于传统风险,应当沿袭传统的事后应对模式进行规制。当然,有些私密信息同时属于个人信息,侵害这类具有双重属性的私密信息有三重危害,宜采用事前应对模式进行规制。域外立法经验启示我们,应当采用直接保护模式保护隐私权。结合具有中国特色的立法粗疏、司法解释精细的刑事法治技术路线,宜增设侵害公民隐私罪,在该罪名的框架下实现对私密信息的直接保护。

The current criminal law provides collateral protection for private information through relevant charges.This protection model is reversed and outdated,which will not only create institutional loopholes but also make it difficult to achieve appropriate punishment.With the advent of the information era,the difference between private information and personal information is becoming more and more obvious.Private information is more vulnerable to infringement.The two have already moved towards separate governance in the pre-laws.Moreover,the objectives of criminal law to protect private information and personal information are different.These objective situations require that private information and personal information be governed separately.Although the harm caused by infringing private information is dificult to remedy afterwards,it still belongs to traditional risks in general,and should be regulated in accordance with the traditional post-event response model.Of course,some private information also belongs to personal information.Infringement of such private information with dual attributes poses triple hazards,and it is advisable to adopt a pre-emptive response model for regulation.The experience of foreign legislation suggests that we should adopt a direct protection model to protect privacy.Combining with the criminal legal technical route of legislative simplicity and judicial interpretation refinement with Chinese characteristics,it is advisable to add the crime of infringing citizens'privacy and achieve direct protection of private information under the framework of this crime.