互动专长是第三种知识吗

Is interactional expertise a third type of knowledge

基于专长与经验研究,科林斯提出了互动专长概念,并认为互动专长是介于形式化的命题知识和非形式化的默会知识之间的第三种知识。互动专长是指互动专家能够在缺少身体完全沉浸于某个专业领域生活方式的情况下,依然能通过语言社会化获得该专业领域的流利语言。然而,科林斯误判了隐藏在互动专长背后的默会认知、具身认知及隐喻认知的重要意义,低估了玛德琳的具身程度和他自己在引力波物理学田野调查中的具身程度,误解了现象学身体在获得互动专长中的巨大作用。获得互动专长所需的身体条件并非像科林斯认为的那样是“最小的”,且科林斯对互动专长的理解缺乏现象学“身体-主体”的整体论思想。因此,将互动专长定性为第三种知识缺乏充分的依据。

On the basis of long-term study of expertise and experience(SEE),Collins put forward the concept of interactive expert-ise,and believed that interactive expertise is the third kind of knowledge between formal propositional knowledge and informal tacit knowledge.Interactive expertise means that an interactive expert can be fluent in the language of a professional field through verbal communication without fully immersing himself in the way of life in a field of expertise.This is what Collins calls"minimal embodied ar-guments"and"strong interaction hypothesis".However,Collins misjudges the importance of tacit cognition,embodied cognition,and metaphorical cognition hidden behind interactive expertise,that is,underestimates the fundamental role of the phenomenological body that underpins interactive expertise.The physical conditions required for mastering interaction expertise are not"minimal"as Collins thinks,and Collins'understanding of the body is biased towards reductionism,which is in sharp contradiction with the phenomenologi-cal"body-subject"holism.Therefore,there is no solid basis for characterizing interaction expertise as the third type of knowledge,and it still needs to be discussed.