数字化转型、行业间技术溢出与技能工资溢价

Digital transformation,inter industry technology spillovers and skill wage premium

数字化转型提档加速的同时,也有可能会引发收入分配失衡的问题。本文基于2007-2022年中国沪深A股上市公司微观数据,并将上市公司行业数据与时间序列投入产出数据进行匹配,实证检验数字化转型对技能工资溢价的影响及其内在机制,并剖析数字化转型对技术关联行业技能工资溢价的影响。研究发现:数字化转型会增加研发人员与普通员工的工资差距,即扩大技能工资溢价。一个行业数字化转型程度加深,会对与该行业存在技术关联行业的技能工资溢价产生显著的正向影响,而且行业间技术关联性越强,则溢出效应越大。机制分析表明,数字化转型可以通过生产率效应和利润率效应两条途径扩大技能工资溢价。异质性分析表明,在高集中度行业、资本技术密集型行业以及非国有企业中数字化转型对技能工资溢价的扩大作用更为明显。研究结论有助于精确评估数字化转型的技能工资溢价效应,为实现数字化转型与共同富裕的协同发展提供丰富的经验证据和重要的政策启示。

In recent years,digital transformation has been further promoted,enabling traditional industries to accelerate the transformation and upgrading to the direction of intelligence and information technology,and the application level of digital technology in enterprises has been significantly improved.Along with the acceleration of digital transformation,China's income distribution imbalance has become increasingly serious,one manifestation of which is the significant widening of the wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor.Therefore,this paper aims to analyze whether digital transformation will expand the skill wage premium.Based on the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2022,this paper deeply explores the impact of digital transformation on the skill wage premium of enterprises in the industry and the industries with which technology is related,and analyzes its internal mechanism.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Digital transformation will promote the increase of the wage gap between R&D personnel and ordinary employees,that is,expand the skill wage premium.(2)The deepening of digital transformation of an industry will have a significant positive impact on the skill wage premium of the industry with which it has technology correlation,and the stronger the inter-industry correlation,the stronger the spillover effect.(3)The productivity effect and the profit rate effect are two mechanisms through which digital transformation significantly expands the skills wage premium.(4)The effect of digital transformation on skill wage premium is heterogeneous,and the effect of digital transformation on skill wage premium is more obvious in industries with high monopoly degree,capital and technology-intensive industries and non-state-owned enterprises.The possible marginal contributions of this paper are as follows:First,this paper matches the input-output data of time series with the industry data of listed companies,constructs the inter-industry technology correlation matrix,and expands the application of technology spillover effect in the study of digital transformation and income distribution.Second,the average annual salary of R&D personnel is extracted from the detailed items of R&D expenses of listed companies,and the average annual salary ratio between R&D personnel and ordinary workers is used to represent the skill wage premium.Third,this paper reveals that the productivity effect and the profit rate effect are two mechanisms by which digital transformation significantly expands the skill wage premium,which helps to enrich the understanding of the relationship between digital transformation and skill wage premium both theoretically and in practice.