美国“脱钩”政策对我国智能制造的影响研究

Research on the impact of"Decoupling"policy on China's intelligent manufacturing

智能制造是当今中美竞争的重点领域,以数字霸权为基本特征的美国“脱钩”政策将不可避免影响中国智能制造的崛起。本研究旨在从大国博弈视角分析“脱钩”政策对我国智能制造的影响。研究基于34个上市公司的40个代表性业务,从整个国家的转型视角对“转型者”和“赋能者”组织内外各种影响因素进行了深入分析。研究发现,虽然美国“脱钩”政策给企业带来了一定负面影响,但这种影响的面和强度都不及其他影响因素。在产业环境和国家环境的更显著促进作用下,企业通过研发投入增加、产业内协作创新和替代方案开发能够积极化解“脱钩”政策的负面作用。本研究从整个国家制造业的转型视角对美国的“脱钩”政策影响有了更为深刻的认识,也对大国博弈情境下的企业数字化转型与数字能力发展有一定启发作用。

Intelligent manufacturing is now a key area of competition between China and the United States,and the decoupling policy of the United States,characterized by digital hegemony,will inevitably affect the rise of China's intelligent manufacturing.The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the"decoupling"policy on China from the perspective of the game of major powers.The study observes these impacts from the annual reports of listed companies,accompanied by descriptions of business activities,and conducts information verification based on the official website of them,as well as national policies and research report of relevant industries.Based on 40 representative businesses of 34 listed companies,the study involves enterprises in the"intelligent manufactur-ing"concept sector,and enterprises in the"industrial internet","5C","chip"concept sector,widely reflecting the impact on transformants"and"empowerers"to answer the true impact of the US'decoupling policy on Chinas intelligent manufacturing strategy.The examination includes three levels:the organizational context level,including the three dimensions of digital nativeness,internal driving force,and competitive pressure,the micro environment level,including the two dimensions of industrial chain relationship struc-ture and customer demand,and the macro environment level,including the four dimensions of planning guidance,green regulation,market protection,and digital hegemony.The study found that although the United States'digital hegemony measures have had a certain impact on enterprises,the organiza-tional context level and micro environment level play more important roles in affecting the digital transformation and digital empower-ment of enterprises.The dimensions of digital nativeness,internal driving force,competitive pressure,relationship structure,and cus-tomer demand all have greater impacts or in higher intensity.In addition,national policy support at the macro level have also played a significant role.Although the"decoupling"policy of the United States has a stronger impact than the traditional western market protec-tion policy,and also has a different mechanism in affecting enterprises in digitalization,i.e.,the traditional market protection has pro-moted the digitalization of enterprises,while the digital hegemony has a bottleneck effect due to the restrictions on key hardware tech-nologies,but the scope and intensity of the impact are not as good as other factors.Although digital key component providers and digit-al equipment providers have been impacted to a certain extent by the"decoupling"policy,under the more significant promotion of the industrial and national environment,enterprises have actively resolved through increased R&D investment,intra industry collaborative innovation,and alternative solutions development,which has not put the implementation of the overall intelligent manufacturing strategy in a difficult position.This study gives more profound understanding of the impact of the"decoupling"policy of the United States from the perspective of transformation of the whole country's manufacturing industry,and also has certain enlightenment on the digital transformation of enter-prises and the development of digital capabilities under the game of big countries.