伴哮喘的慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术后主观嗅觉的纵向研究及影响因素分析

A longitudinal study of subjective olfactory function post-operatively in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with asthma and analysis of influencing factors

目的研究伴哮喘的慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)患者鼻内镜手术后主观嗅觉变化及影响嗅觉功能的相关因素。方法回顾2008年1月-2020年12月就诊于北京同仁医院的90例伴有哮喘的CRS患者的临床资料,所有患者均行鼻内镜手术治疗。统计手术前后嗅觉VAS评分,对比基线、术后3个月、6个月、1年、3年、5年、8年及10年的嗅觉变化。将年龄、手术方式、变应性鼻炎(AR)等因素纳入广义混合线性模型,分析影响嗅觉VAS评分变化的因素。结果与基线比较,术后3个月、6个月、1年、3年、5年的嗅觉VAS评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后8年、10年的嗅觉VAS评分与基线比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄(≥60岁)、阿司匹林耐受不良综合征、Lund-Kennedy评分、改良鼻窦CT嗅区评分、随访时间及手术方式对嗅觉VAS评分有影响(P<0.05)。结论伴哮喘的CRS患者的主观嗅觉评分在术后5年内相对稳定。既往手术史不影响术后主观嗅觉。年龄、阿司匹林耐受不良综合征、Lund-Kennedy评分、改良鼻窦CT嗅区评分、随访时间、手术方式与伴有哮喘的CRS患者主观嗅觉密切相关,轮廓化鼻内镜手术较功能性鼻内镜手术对伴哮喘的CRS患者的嗅觉改善更好。

Objective To evaluate the subjective olfactory function in chronic sinusitis(CRS)patients with asthma after nasal endoscopic surgery and associated factors that may affect olfactory function.Methods The study included 90 CRS patients with asthma from January 2008 to December 2020,and all of them underwent endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS).VAS score of olfactory function before and after surgery were collected,and the data at baseline,3 months,6 months,1 year,3 years,5 years,8 years and 10 years after surgery were compared.Factors affecting olfactory function were analyzed in a generalized mixed linear model,which including age,surgical procedure,allergic rhinitis and so on.Results The olfactory VAS scores were significantly lower at 3 months,6 months,1 year,3 years,and 5 years postoperatively compared with baseline,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Olfactory VAS scores at 8 and 10 years postoperatively were not statistically different from baseline(P>0.05).Age(≥60 years),aspirin intolerance syndrome,Lund-Kennedy score,modified sinus CT olfactory cleft score,and follow-up time were risk factors,and radical sinus surgery is a protective factor.Conclusion Subjective olfactory scores in CRS patients with asthma after ESS remain relatively stable for 5 years postoperatively.Prior history of surgery did not affect postoperative subjective olfactory scores.Age,aspirin intolerance syndrome,Lund-Kennedy score,modified sinus CT olfactory cleft score,follow-up time,and surgical approach were strongly associated with subjective olfactory scores in CRS patients with asthma,and radical surgery had a protective effect on olfaction.