我国民办高等教育的历史回溯与趋势前瞻

A Historical Review and Future Prospects of Non-governmental Higher Education in China

回溯我国民办高等教育的历史演进,从民国时期私立高校的辉煌,到改革开放后民办高校的重新崛起,历经“救国图强”“公私并举”“规范管理”等阶段,走出了一条特色发展之路。民办高等教育在增加高等教育资源投入、推动高等教育大众化、引领高等教育体制改革等方面作出了历史贡献。然而,受补充型办学定位、办学水平相对较低、办学资源相对较少以及办学商业属性较为浓厚等内外部因素的制约,民办高校当前仍处于我国高等教育金字塔的底端。高水平民办高校不多,是我国高等教育强国建设的短板之一。在分类管理政策推向深入的背景下,民办高校应积极应对出生人口下降带来的挑战,不断完善内部治理,积极建设新型高水平民办高校,为建设高等教育强国作出更大贡献。

Tracing the historical evolution of non-governmental higher education in China,from the glory of private colleges during the Republic of China era to the resurgence of non-governmental institutions of higher learning after the reform and opening up,it has gone through stages of"saving the nation","public-private cooperation",and"standardized management",forging a unique path of development.Non-governmental higher education has made historic contributions to the expansion of higher education resources,the democratization of higher education,and leading systemic reforms within the sector.Nonetheless,due to external and internal factors such as their supplementary educational positioning,relatively lower educational standards,comparatively fewer resources,and a stronger commercial orientation,non-governmental institutions of higher learning in China currently remain at the bottom of the country's higher education hierarchy.The limited number of high-level non-governmental institutions of higher learning is one of the weaknesses in the development of China's higher education powerhouse.Against the backdrop of increasingly in-depth classified management policies,non-governmental institutions of higher learning should actively address the challenges posed by declining birth rates,continuously improve internal governance,and strive to build new type of high-level non-governmental institutions of higher learning.This will enable them to make a greater contribution to the development of a strong higher education system in China.