我国校外培训机构的发展历程与现实审视——基于公益性与营利性博弈的视角

A Historical Review and Realistic Review of the Development of After-school Training Institutions in China:Based on the Perspective of Public Welfare and For-profit Competition

新中国成立70余年来,随着办学性质和办学模式的演变,我国校外培训机构陆续经历了初创起步期、恢复成长期、全面扩张期和规范发展期四个阶段。回溯我国校外培训机构的发展历程,公益性与营利性办学性质的博弈成为其变化的逻辑主线,围绕校外培训机构“为谁办、谁来办、怎么办”三个核心问题,党和国家对其办学性质和办学模式的认识不断深化完善。历史的经验教训证明,校外培训机构的发展必须坚持社会主义办学方向,处理好公益性与营利性办学、政府作用与市场机制的关系,厘清自身与学校、家庭教育的边界,提升优质公益性校外教育资源的可及性,从而实现可持续发展。

Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,with the evolution of school-running nature and school-running mode,our after-school training institutions have successively experienced four stages development:the initial stage of establishment,the stage of recovery and growth,the stage of comprehensive expansion,and the stage of standardized development.Tracing the development process,the competition between public welfare and for-profit school-running models has become the main logic behind their evolution.Centered around the three core questions of"for whom to run,who runs,and how to run"after-school training institutions,the understanding and improvement of their school-running nature and modes by the Party and the state have continued to deepen.Historical experience and lessons prove that the development of after-school training institutions must adhere to the direction of socialist school running,handle the relationship between public welfare and for-profit school running,and the role of government and market mechanism,clarify the boundary with the development of school and family education,improve the accessibility of quality public welfare after-school education resources,and seek long-term,healthy and sustainable development.