清代和硕特拉藏汗家族后裔世系考——以满文《察哈尔公台吉等源流册》为中心

A Study on the Genealogy of the Descendants of Khoshot Lazang Khan's Family in the Qing Dynasty--Centered on the Manchu Genealogy of Chahar Gong Taiji and Others

拉藏汗为和硕特汗廷最后一位汗王,以往研究多论及他在西藏地方建立的政权,而对于他的家族后裔世系鲜有关注。拉藏汗家族作为曾经统治西藏的显赫家族,由于各方势力在西藏地方的角逐,尤其是康熙末年准噶尔军扰藏,拉藏汗被杀,使这一家族开始分崩离析。文章以美国哈佛大学哈佛燕京图书馆收藏的满文《察哈尔公台吉等源流册》为基础,对拉藏汗家族后裔世系进行了考察,认为拉藏汗家族后裔共有3个世系,分别是:苏尔扎世系、色布腾世系和特默齐世系。他们都是在乾隆十九年(1754)投诚清廷后,得授爵号,世袭罔替,并于乾隆二十二年(1757)迁往察哈尔地方居住,从而成为居察哈尔地方的和硕特王公贵族。此外,由于满文《察哈尔公台吉等源流册》包含该家族后裔的敕封源流、谕旨文字和袭封次序等,从而极大弥补了《清实录》《钦定外藩蒙古回部王公表传》等清代官方文献中缺失的史料,填补了这段历史的空白。

Lazang Khan was the last Khan of Khoshot.Previous studies have mostly discussed the regime he established in Xizang,but little attention has been paid to his family descendants.As a prominent family that once ruled Xizang,the Lazang Khan family began to fall apart due to the competition between various forces in Xizang,especially when the Junggar army harassed Xizang in the late Kangxi years and Lazang Khan was killed.The article is based on the Manchu Genealogy of Chahar Gong Taiji and Others collected by the HarvardYenching Library of Harvard University in the United States.It examines the lineage of the descendants of the Lazang Khan family and believes that there are three lineages of the descendants of the Lazang Khan family.They are Sulza lineage,Sebuteng lineage and Temerzi lineage.After they all surrendered to the Qing court in the 19th year of Qianlong's reign(1754),they were awarded titles of hereditary inheritance and moved to live in Chahar in the 22nd year of Qianlong's reign(1757),thus becoming the Khoshot princes and nobles living in Chahar.In addition,because the Manchu Genealogy of Chahar Gong Taiji and Others contains the origin of the imperial edicts,content of the edicts and the order of the descendants of the family,it greatly complements the historical materials missing from the official documents of the Qing Dynasty,such as Qing Shilu and Biography of the Imperially Appointed Princes of External Mongolia and Altishahr,and fills in the gaps in this period of history.