和平解放以来西藏城市发展进程研究

Research on the Urban Development Process of Xizang since Its Peaceful Liberation

区别于以往西藏城市研究聚焦于历史上的西藏城镇,强调自然地理、农牧业经济和宗教对城镇发展的高度影响,文章以和平解放,尤其是改革开放以来西藏的城市发展为研究对象,讨论了社会主义现代化新西藏时期城镇发展取得的历史性成就。具体而言,自和平解放到20世纪80年代初,西藏城市发展受到地方建设的迫切需要和当时国家计划经济体制的深刻影响,使得县级城镇大规模兴起。改革开放后到中央第五次西藏工作座谈会召开,西藏城镇化仍处于初步阶段,全国支援西藏很大程度上推动了西藏城市的空间扩张和外部形态变化,使城市发展凸显援藏色彩。2010年后,随着西藏经济社会发展和农牧民生活水平的提升,西藏城镇化进程进入加速阶段,城市发展内生动力增强。此时城市规划推动了西藏城市大规模现代化,也使得现代意义上的城市功能得以具备,城市群初步形成,城市成为推动西藏城镇化和经济社会发展的重要动力。

Different from the existing studies which focused on cities and towns in the history of Xizang and emphasized the high influence of natural geography,agricultural and animal husbandry economy,and religion,this paper focuses on urban development after the peaceful liberation of Xizang,especially since the reform and opening-up,and discusses the historical achievements in urban development in the period of socialist modernization of new Xizang.Specifically,from the peaceful liberation to the early 1980s,the urban development was deeply influenced by the urgent tasks of local government construction and the state-planned economicsystem,so that a great number of county-level towns emerged.From the period of reform and opening-up to the Central Committee's Fifth Work Symposium on Xizang,the urban development was still in its initial stage.The national counterpart assistance helped promote the spatial expansion and external morphological changes of cities in Xizang,making cities show characteristics of aid.After 2010,with great achievements in economic and social development and the living standards of people in Xizang,the urban development entered a new stage of acceleration.The endogenous impetus of city development was enhanced.At this time,city planning promoted the large-scale modernization of cities,enabled improvement of modern urban functions,and initially formed urban agglomerations,and cities have been an important driving force for Xizang's economic and social development.