基于政策工具的我国医学科技成果转化政策优化对策初探

Research on the optimization countermeasures of the transformation policy of medical science and technology achievements in China:Based on policy tools

目的分析现阶段医学成果转化政策的侧重点与不足,为后续医学科技创新成果转化政策优化提供参考。方法选取国务院、国家卫生健康委和国家中医药管理局等相关部委网站,以及国家法律法规数据库、北大法宝数据库等检索得到政策文本46份,运用政策工具理论,从供给型、需求型和环境型3个层面,对整理出来的政策条款进行系统的量化分析。结果2015—2022年政策发文数量呈波动性增长;规范性政策共25项,占文本总数的54.3%,指导和操作性政策共21项,占文本总数的45.7%。在587条编码中,环境型政策占比高达74.9%,需求型政策占比最少,为3.1%。结论建议减少环境型政策工具的依赖,优化税收优惠与金融支持等子类政策分布结构;强化供给型政策工具支持,推动医学科技成果转化高质量发展;加大需求型政策拉动作用,增强临床需求配适度;深入优化医学科技成果转化政策体系,加强相关专项政策配套措施等。

Objective This study aimed to analyze the focuses and shortcomings of the current medical achievements transformation policy,and to put forward references and suggestions for the subsequent formulation of medical science and technology innovation achievement transformation policy.Methods 46 policy texts were retrieved from Peking University Magic Treasure,Law Star,and other related websites of the State Council,the National Health Commission,the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and other relevant ministries and commissions,and the policy clauses were systematically quantitatively analyzed from three dimensions of supply,demand,and environment using policy tool theory.Results The number of policy documents issued from 2015 to 2022 showed a fluctuating increase.There were 25 normative policies,accounting for 54.3%,and 21 guiding and operational policies,accounting for 45.7%.Environmental policies accounted for 74.9%,while demand-oriented policies accounted for 3.1%among the 587 codes.Conclusions It is suggested to reduce the dependence on environment-based policy tools,optimize the distribution structure of sub-categories such as tax incentives and financial support,strengthen the support of supply-based policy tools to promote the high-quality development of the transformation of medical scientific and technological achievements,increase the driving role of demand-based policies to enhance the appropriate allocation of clinical demand,further optimize the policy system for the transformation of medical scientific and technological achievements,and strengthen the supporting measures of relevant special policies.