神经退行性疾病脱髓鞘病变及扩散张量成像检测技术的研究进展

Advances on demyelination changes in neurodegenerative diseases and the diffusion tensor imaging

神经轴突的脱髓鞘改变是神经退行性疾病的早期病理改变,在多发性硬化和青光眼等神经疾病的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。脱髓鞘发生改变后,神经轴突会诱发轴突变性坏死,神经传导功能障碍,促进神经退行性疾病进展。脱髓鞘后的髓鞘重建可以使再生的神经轴突恢复正常的神经传导功能,防止轴突持续损伤。髓鞘重建促进神经再生的机制有望成为治疗神经退行性疾病的新靶点。应用扩散张量成像(DTI)技术可发现与神经退行性疾病的髓鞘结构和功能改变相关的敏感性与特异性指标,能为疾病进展监测、疾病预后预测及治疗的反应提供参考。

Demyelination of axons is an early pathological change of neurodegenerative diseases,which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis,glaucoma and other neurological diseases.After demyelinating changes,pathological changes occurred in the structure and function of the nerve axons,including degeneration and necrosis of axons,dysfunction of nerve conduction,and neurodegenerative diseases.After demyelination,myelination reconstruction can achieve rapid transmission of nerve impulses and prevent continuous axonal damage.The myelin formation during axonal regeneration is likely to promote myelin and nerve regeneration,which has become a new target for treating neurodegenerative diseases.The application of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)is helpful to identify sensitive and specific indicators related to the structural and functional changes of the myelin sheath in degenerative diseases,which could provide the reference for monitoring disease progression,predicting disease prognosis,and responding to treatment.