宋代宰辅修史制度考论

A Research on the System of Prime Ministers’Taking Charge of Compilation of History in the Song Dynasty

宋代宰辅作为中枢机构长官,在处理国家重要政务的同时,还负责修史工作。北宋前中期宰相贴职“监修国史”主持修史,史馆相阙一般则由昭文相或集贤相负责。元丰改制后一般由左仆射提举修史,左仆射阙则由右仆射提举,特殊情况宰相平章军国(重)事和太师也会提举修史。北宋执政带“监修”或“修国史”等衔参与修史。南宋绍兴二十六年前宰相带监修国史修日历、实录,之后大体上由左相监修国史、右相则提举修国史和提举实录院,左相阙则由参知政事监修国史。宰辅修史权责主要包括把握修史方向和基调、选任史官、确定分工、沟通修史信息、进呈史典等。宋代宰辅修史是中国古代官方修史发展的一个重要阶段,具有鲜明的时代特征。

In the Northern Song Dynasty,prime ministers administered the compilation of history while dealing with the key government affairs.In the early and medium ages of the Northern Song Dynasty,the prime ministers were granted nominal title of“supervision of the compiling national history”to preside over the compilation of history.When premiers of office of compilating history were vacant,Zhaowen premiers or Jixian premiers generally would be responsible for it.After the Reform of Yuanfeng,Left Vice Directors would generally be in charge of compilation of official history,and Right Vice Directors would take over it when the former were vacant.Some special prime ministers including Managers of Important National Security Matters and Grand Preceptors would also take charge of compilation of history.Before the 26~(th)year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty,the prime ministers supervised and revised the Calendar and veritable records.After that time,the Left prime ministers supervised and revised the state history,the Right prime minister was in charge of the national history and the Institute of veritable records.The Song Dynasty when premiers'compiling history is an important age in the development of the official history of ancient China.