新收获玉米不同霉斑颜色生霉粒与真菌毒素污染情况及优势菌研究

Study on the correlation between moldy spot color of newly harvested corn and mycotoxin pollution and dominant bacteria

目的探究新收获玉米不同霉斑颜色生霉粒与真菌毒素污染情况及优势菌。方法收集了辽宁不同地区的新收获玉米样本,采用微生物学培养、形态学观察、分子生物学鉴定等方法确定不同霉斑颜色籽粒的带菌情况,并探讨霉斑颜色与3种真菌污染情况、特定真菌种群之间的关系。结果霉斑颜色与特定的真菌种群存在一定的关联性,红色、白色、黑色霉斑和脐深可能表明木霉属、镰孢菌属的存在,绿色霉斑可能表明木霉属、蓝状菌属的存在。此外,真菌毒素检测结果表明红色、白色、黑色霉斑和脐深可能表明样品中存在玉米赤酶烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的感染风险,绿色霉斑可能表明存在脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的感染风险。结论本研究提出的感官检验辅助图谱可作为快速筛选工具,初步评估玉米籽粒潜在的食品安全隐患。但因为霉斑颜色可能涉及多种真菌情况较为复杂,还需不断优化完善为玉米的食品安全管理提供更为科学、有效的技术支持。

Objective To explore the contamination of moldy grains and mycotoxins in different moldy spots of newly harvested corn and the dominant bacteria.Methods Newly harvested maize samples from different regions of Liaoning Province were collected.Microbiological culture,morphological observation,molecular biological identification and other methods were used to determine the carrying status of grains with different mold spot colors,and to explore the relationship between mold spot color and 3 kinds of fungal contamination and specific fungal populations.Results There was a certain correlation between the color of mold spots and specific fungal populations.Red,white,black mold spots and navel depth may indicate the presence of Trichoderma and Fusarium,and green mold spots may indicate the presence of Trichoderma and Cyanobacteria.In addition,the results of mycotoxin detection showed that red,white,black moldy spots and umbilical depth may indicate the risk of infection of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in the samples,and green moldy spots may indicate the risk of infection of deoxynivalenol.Conclusion The sensory test auxiliary map proposed in this study can be used as a rapid screening tool to preliminarily evaluate the potential food safety hazards of corn kernels.However,because the color of mold spots may involve a variety of fungi,it is necessary to continuously optimize and improve the food safety management of corn to provide more scientific and effective technical support.