老年痴呆并慢性病患者营养不良的情况及相关因素调查

Investigation of Malnutrition and Related Factors in Patients with Senile Dementia and Chronic Diseases

目的:探讨老年痴呆并慢性病患者营养不良的情况及相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年10月宜春市第三人民医院收治的80例老年痴呆并慢性病患者临床资料,均采用简易营养评估量表(MNA)评估营养状况,依据营养状况分为营养不良组与非营养不良组,收集两组年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭月收入水平、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、睡眠质量、简易精神量表(MMSE)评分、社会支持、慢性病数量、合并抑郁、口腔健康状况等多方面基础资料,先行单因素分析,之后开展logistic回归分析,获得影响老年痴呆并慢性病患者营养不良的独立危险因素。结果:80例患者共42例出现营养不良,发生率为52.50%(42/80);两组年龄、婚姻状况、家庭月收入水平、MMSE评分、社会支持、慢性病数量、合并抑郁、口腔健康状况相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素显示,年龄≥75岁、离异或丧偶、家庭月收入水平<5000元、MMSE评分<20分、社会支持低下、慢性病数量≥2种、合并抑郁、口腔健康状况欠佳为影响老年痴呆并慢性病患者营养不良的高危因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:老年痴呆伴慢性病患者营养不良风险高,与年龄≥75岁、离异或丧偶、家庭月收入水平<5000元、MMSE评分<20分、社会支持低下、慢性病数量≥2种、合并抑郁、口腔健康状况欠佳关系密切,还需加强针对性干预,并做好营养支持,纠正机体营养状况。

Objective:To investigate the malnutrition and related risk factors in patients with senile dementia and chronic diseases.Method:The clinical data of 80 patients with senile dementia complicated with chronic diseases admitted to Yichun Third People's Hospital from January 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The nutritional status was assessed by the mini-nutritional assessment(MNA).According to the nutritional status,the patients were divided into malnutrition group and non malnutrition group.The age,gender,education level,marital status,family monthly income level,smoking status,drinking status,sleep quality,MMSE score,social support,the number of chronic diseases,depression,oral health status and other basic data of the two groups were collected.The independent risk factors of malnutrition in patients with senile dementia complicated with chronic diseases were obtained by single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis.Result:A total of 42 cases of malnutrition occurred in 80 patients,the incidence was 52.50%(42/80).There were significant differences in age,marital status,monthly family income,MMSE score,social support,number of chronic diseases,depression,and oral health status between the two groups(P<0.05).Multiple factors showed that age≥75 years old,divorced or widowed,family monthly income level<5,000 yuan,MMSE score<20 points,low social support,number of chronic diseases≥2,combined with depression,poor oral health status were the high risk factors for malnutrition in patients with senile dementia and chronic diseases(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion:Senile dementia patients with chronic diseases have a high risk of malnutrition,which is closely related to age≥75 years old,divorce or widowhood,family monthly income level<5,000 yuan,MMSE score<20 points,low social support,number of chronic diseases≥2,depression,and poor oral health.Targeted intervention should be strengthened,and nutritional support should be done to correct the nutritional status of the body.