“新华盛顿共识”的理念、政策及影响

The Ideas,Policies and Implications of the“New Washington Consensus”

鉴于“华盛顿共识”带来的负面影响日益突出,拜登政府公开承认基于新自由主义思想内核的“华盛顿共识”已经失败,并提出“新华盛顿共识”,希冀通过实施现代产业战略、建设新型国际经济伙伴关系、重振多边机制投资新兴经济体、构筑“小院高墙”保护关键产业技术和产业链等举措,强化本国能力,遏制以中国为主的战略竞争对手,以维系美国经济领导地位。“新华盛顿共识”倡导现代供给侧经济学和有限自由市场观念,推崇“经济安全即国家安全”理念。但美国霸权遭遇“全球南方”国家信任危机、美国国内外政治共识不足、施压举措遭遇理性应对,将影响拜登政府推行“新华盛顿共识”的效果。泛安全化、泛政治化的“新华盛顿共识”危及全球自由贸易、扭曲全球经济治理秩序、恶化全球地缘政治环境,并非一种良性的体现公平正义价值理念的共识。

Given its increasingly prominent negative impact,the Biden administration has openly acknowledged the failure of the“Washington Consensus”,which is based on the core concepts of neoliberalism,and instead proposes the so-called“New Washington Consensus”.This new approach is aimed at strengthening America's national capabilities,containing China as the main strategic competitor,and therefore maintaining the leadership position of the U.S.economy,through measures such as implementing modern industrial strategies,fostering new types of international economic partnerships,revitalizing multilateral mechanisms to invest in emerging economies,and building“small yard,high fence”to protect key industry technologies and supply chains.The“New Washington Consensus”advocates modern supply-side economics and a limited free market philosophy,promoting the idea that“economic security is national security”.However,the effects of the Biden administration's implementation of the“New Washington Consensus”might be constrained by a variety of factors,such as a crisis of trust in American hegemony among“Global South”countries,a lack of political consensus at home and abroad,and rational responses to U.S.pressure tactics.The overly securitized and politicized“New Washington Consensus”endangers global free trade,distorts global economic governance,and deteriorates the global geopolitical environment,therefore failing to represent an alternative consensus that truly embodies the values of fairness and justice.