液体火箭发动机工程研制中的结构强度研究进展

Research progress on structural strength of liquid rocket engine during engineering development phase

液体火箭发动机为中国天地运输系统的主动力,承担绝大部分航天器的发射任务。发动机在高压、高温、高转速、强振动等极端恶劣的条件下工作,所面临结构强度问题非常突出。发动机结构强度问题起始于方案论证阶段,贯穿于产品整个寿命周期直至发射任务完成,而发动机在结构设计、载荷与使用环境、材料、制造过程、试验及强度评估等诸多方面存在不确定性和尚未解决的深层次问题,使结构强度成为影响发动机安全性和可靠性的一项重要因素。以发动机工程研制中的结构强度为出发点,总结探讨了发动机在结构强度设计及验证过程中若干个重要方面,涵盖载荷与使用环境、安全系数、材料、试验测试、损伤检测、验证及评估等,为发动机结构强度设计体系探索及新型发动机预研提供研究思路。

Liquid rocket engines are used as the main propulsion system for Chinese space transportation,which offer the most spacecraft launch for space activities.During the rigorous working conditions,such as high pressure,high temperature,high rotational speed and strong vibration environment,structural strength of engine and its components have become momentous technical problems to be solved in the engine development process.Structural strength problems began with the preliminary design stage of project operated throughout the product full life cycle and ended with completing the launch missions.However,many uncertainties and profound problems,including structural design,loads and serving environments,materials,manufacturing process,test measure,destructive evaluation,test verification process and strength assessment,caused the structural strength to become an important factor that affected the safety and reliability of engine.Therefore,taking the structural strength as fundamental starting point,the aforementioned essential problems and elements in structural strength design,test verification process of liquid rocket engines were summarized and analyzed,and research ideas for structure strength design system exploration and the new engine pre-research were proposed and discussed in this paper.