国内贸易壁垒、企业供应链与企业创新

Domestic Trade Barriers,Firm Supply Chains and Firm Innovation

畅通国内统一大市场、构建国内国际双循环的新发展格局对于实现经济高质量发展具有重要意义。文章以上市公司数据为基础,与上市公司的供应商企业和客户企业数据相匹配,并通过投入产出表估计国内贸易壁垒,实证分析了国内贸易壁垒通过阻碍供应链对企业创新所产生的影响。文章研究发现,国内贸易壁垒通过阻碍供应链显著抑制了企业创新水平,该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。这种抑制效应对产业链较长行业的企业、联合创新类型企业、上下游关联强度较高的企业、民营企业、高生产率企业和技术密集型企业产生的作用更大。机制分析发现,被国内贸易壁垒阻碍的供应链通过减少关联产业配套、增加融资约束和加剧企业创新风险3条机制,抑制了企业创新水平的提升。同时,国内贸易壁垒阻碍供应链不利于“双循环”新发展格局的形成,也导致了企业创新进程受阻。最后,研究发现制度性贸易壁垒是各类贸易壁垒中阻碍供应链并抑制企业创新的主要因素。

Building a unified domestic market and establishing a new development pattern of domestic and international dual circulation are of great significance for achieving high-quality economic development.This paper is based on data from listed firms and matches it with data from the supplier firms and customer firms of these listed firms.By using input-output tables to estimate domestic trade barriers,the study empirically analyzes the impact of domestic trade barriers on hindering innovation within firms by obstructing their supply chains.The study found that domestic trade barriers significantly inhibit the improvement of firm innovation levels by obstructing the supply chain.The conclusion still holds true even after a series of robustness tests.This inhibitory effect is more pronounced for firms in industries with longer industrial chains,joint innovation types,firms with strong upstream and downstream linkages,private firms,high-productivity firms,and technology-intensive firms.Mechanism analysis reveals that supply chains hindered by domestic trade barriers suppress the improvement of firm innovation levels by reducing related industry support,increasing financing constraints,and exacerbating firm innovation risks.Further analysis shows that the strength of upstream and downstream connections exacerbates the innovation inhibitory effect caused by domestic trade barriers hindering supply chains.Additionally,hindering supply chains with domestic trade barriers not only hinders the formation of the new dual circulation development pattern but also obstructs the firm innovation process.Finally,the study finds that institutional trade barriers are the main factor inhibiting supply chains and suppressing firm innovation among various trade barriers.