青少年抑郁症状的影响因素研究

Influencing factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents

目的 探讨我国青少年抑郁症状的影响因素,为预防青少年抑郁提供依据。方法 收集中国家庭追踪调查项目2020年调查的10~19岁青少年资料,包括人口学信息、健康相关行为、家庭和学业情况;采用流调中心抑郁量表简表评估抑郁症状。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析青少年抑郁症状的影响因素。结果 收集2 777名青少年资料,其中男生1 470人,占52.93%;女生1 307人,占47.07%。城镇1 186人,占42.71%;农村1 591人,占57.29%。吸烟106人,占3.82%。检出抑郁症状459人,检出率为16.53%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,学业压力大(OR=1.268,95%CI:1.151~1.396)、自评健康状况差(OR=1.255,95%CI:1.116~1.411)、吸烟(OR=1.901,95%CI:1.127~3.207)、对父母信任度低(OR=0.780,95%CI:0.729~0.835)和家庭规模大(OR=1.095,95%CI:1.035~1.158)与青少年抑郁症状风险增加存在统计学关联。结论 研究发现青少年抑郁症状的影响因素有学业压力、自评健康状况、吸烟、对父母信任度和家庭规模等。

Objective To explore the influencing factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents in China,so as to provide insights into promoting mental health of adolescents.Methods The 2020 follow-up survey data of China Family Panel Studies were collected,including demographic information,lifestyle,family factors and academic factors of adolescents aged 10-19 years.Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.The influencing factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 2777 adolescents were analyzed,including 1470 males(52.93%)and 1307 females(47.07%).There were 1186 adolescents(42.71%)from urban areas and 1591 adolescents(57.29%)from rural areas,106 smokers(3.82%),and 459 adolescents(16.53%)with depressive symptoms.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that academic stress(OR=1.268,95%CI:1.151-1.396),poor self-rated health(OR=1.255,95%CI:1.116-1.411),smoking(OR=1.901,95%CI:1.127-3.207),low trust in parents(OR=0.780,95%CI:0.729-0.835)and large family size(OR=1.095,95%CI:1.035-1.158)were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents.Conclusion The influencing factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents were academic stress,self-rated health,smoking,trust in parents and family size.