余杭区流行性感冒流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Yuhang District

目的 了解2019—2023年杭州市余杭区流行性感冒(流感)流行特征,为制定流感防控措施提供参考。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2019—2023年现住址为余杭区的流感病例资料,通过杭州市现场流行病学调查系统收集流感样病例资料,描述性分析流感病例的时间分布、人群分布、地区分布和流感样病例病原学检测结果。结果2019—2023年余杭区报告流感病例118 319例,年均报告发病率为2 316.80/10万,其中2023年最高,报告发病率为5 736.82/10万。流感发病高峰在11月至次年3月,呈现冬春季流行。病例主要分布在7~<15岁和25~<60岁,分别为31 310和34 470例,占26.46%和29.13%。余杭区12个乡镇(街道)均有流感病例报告,报告病例数居前两位为五常街道和良渚街道,年均报告发病率分别为17 346.08/10万、14 945.80/10万。2019—2023年流感样病例103 868例,采集病例咽拭子标本1 482份,检出流感病毒阳性标本260份,阳性率为17.54%。阳性标本检出高峰为11月至次年3月,检出流感病毒阳性标本222份,占85.38%。流感病毒型别有甲型H1N1、甲型H3N2和乙型Victoria,分别占25.77%、38.85%和35.38%。结论 2019—2023年余杭区流感流行高峰为冬春季,发病以中小学生和青年为主,甲型H1N1、甲型H3N2和乙型Victoria交替流行,应加强接种流感疫苗等防控措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Yuhang District,Hangzhou City from 2019 to 2023,so as to provide the reference for formulating influenza prevention and control measures.Methods Influenza case data with current address in Yuhang District was collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2019 to 2023.Influenza-like illness data was collected through the Hangzhou Epidemiological Investigation System.Time distribution,population distribution and pathogen detection of influenza-like illness were descriptively analyzed.Results There were 118319 influenza cases reported in Yuhang District from 2019 to 2023,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 2316.80/105.The highest incidence rate was seen in 2023,with a reported incidence rate of 5736.82/105.The peak incidence of influenza occurred from November to March of the following year,presenting the winter and spring epidemic.The cases were mainly distributed in the age groups of 7 to 14 years and 25 to 59 years,with 31310 and 34470 cases,accounting for 26.46%and 29.13%,respectively.Influenza cases were reported in all 12 towns(streets)in Yuhang District,with the top two being Wuchang Street and Liangzhu Street,with the average annual incidence rates of 17346.08/105 and 14945.80/105,respectively.From 2019 to 2023,there were 103868 cases of influenza-like illness,and 1482 throat swab samples were collected.Among them,260 positive samples of influenza virus were detected,with a positive rate of 17.54%.The peak detection period for positive specimens was from November to March of the following year,with 222 influenza virus positive specimens detected.The influenza virus types included H1N1,H3N2,and Victoria B,accounting for 25.77%,38.85%and 35.38%,respectively.Conclusions The peak of influenza outbreak in Yuhang District from 2019 to 2023 was in winter and spring,with children and adolescents being the main affected objectives.H1N1,H3N2 and Victoria B were alternately prevalent.Prevention and control measures such as influenza vaccination should be strengthened.