科学教育中科学家的角色与功能

The Roles and Functions of Scientists Engaging in Science Education

部分科学家参与科学教育的专业实践以及与此相关的研究,是发展高质量科学教育的关键要素。科学家为何以及应该如何深度参与到其他专业群体之中,即科学教育中科学家的角色定位和功能发挥问题,尚缺乏适当的分析框架。互动型专长这一概念框架,强调科学研究中的默会规范,以及外行沉浸于科学研究活动与科学群体之中的重要性,适用于分析当前科学教育如何实现实践转向。当下的科学实践存在着社会−认知上的层级迁移、更强的默会程度和交叉性等特征,科学发展的动态性和科学探索的复杂性给科学教育变革带来了新挑战。科学教育在将科学认知实践的真实过程、与认知实践相关的社会维度等转化为教育资源时,衔接不足。通过参与校内外科学教育,科学家能够促进科学外行的互动型专长,自身也能获得一定的社会−认知受益。科学家深度参与科学教育有多重角色,是促进学生参与和理解真实的科学认知实践的衔接者和资源提供者、科学教育领域的合作研究者。通过传递真实的科学研究过程、澄清学科交叉中的多重概念与推理、促进理解科学模型、促进有科学证据的科学教育研究,科学家能够发挥的功能可以是:提升课程质量、影响教学实践、提升基础教育科学教师的培养层次,助力学生成为认知实践的主体,培养科技人才、促进有科学证据的科学教育。

It is an increasing discourse that scientists should engage in professional science education addressing the general public both in formal and informal education settings.However,we lack well-developed frameworks to analyze how(some)scientists engage in science education and what roles their engagement plays in scientific and other communities.Based on the framework of acquiring interactional expertise,this paper analyses the varied expertise levels,tacit norms and interdisciplinarity for doing and understanding contemporary science challenges in science education.It is difficult for science teachers to represent the real epistemic practice of the whole scientific process in science education settings and learning environments,and then to promote the learners to reflectively participate in epistemic practice.Building on the work of interactional expertise,this paper discusses why some scientists should engage in the practice and research on science education,how they engage,and the socio-epistemic benefits for engagement.It then concludes scientists’roles and functions in science education.