试论上博简中“孝”字的一种特殊写法

Textual Research on the Word“Xiao”in the Second Volume of Bamboo Slips in Shangbo

上博简第二册《昔者君老》简4之“ ”字,当隶定为“ ”,分析为从学省声、从丂声的双声省声字,在此应读为“孝”。从字形上看,“ ”字上部与常见的“学”字上部一致,下部与古文字中某些“丂”字写法相同;从语音上看,学、丂、孝三者声韵地位相近,可通假;从文意上看,《昔者君老》与《内礼》为同一篇简文,内容为曾子学派讨论“孝”,读为“唯邦之大孝是敬”契合简文主旨;从辞例上看,虽然“大孝”、“大务”二者文献中均常见,但简文相关的“悲思”、“哀思”、“孝敬”等辞例文献中常见,而“务敬”则不辞。从各方面考虑,此字学者一般认为读为“务”字,很可能是不对的。

The word“”in Shangbo bamboo slips volume 2 Xi Zhe Jun Lao should be assigned as“”,which is analyzed as the fact that“the voice part of the word‘xue’is omitted”and“the voice part of the word‘kao’is omitted”.It can be read as“Xiao”here.From the perspective of glyph,the upper part of the character“”is the same as the upper part of the common character“xue”,and the lower part is the same as some characters of the ancient Chinese character.From the phonetic point of view,the phonological status of learning,learning and filial piety are similar and can be interchanged.From the perspective of the meaning of the text,Xi Zhe Jun Lao and Nei Li are the same brief article,which is about Zengzi School’s discussion of“xiao”,and read as“only the great filial piety of the state is respect”,which is consistent with the main idea of the brief article.From the perspective of diction,although“da xiao”and“da wu”are common in literature,“bei si”,“ai si”and“xiao jing”are common in literature related to the simple articles,while“wu jing”is not uncommon.From all aspects,scholars in general believe that reading this word as“wu”is probably wrong.