赔礼道歉在祭奠利益保护中的适用

The Application of Apology in Disputes over Interests of Memorials

赔礼道歉作为一种源于道德领域的民事责任,祭奠利益亦兼具法律性和道德性,祭奠利益纠纷中当事人大多会提出“赔礼道歉”的诉讼请求,但现行法律尚未明确规定祭奠利益的保护路径,赔礼道歉的适用需要审判组织基于现行法律进行适当解释和论证:在明确祭奠利益的“一般人格权”定位的前提下,基于案件当事人受到损害大小和行为人的过错程度,分析祭奠利益和言论自由的保护顺序,进而确定赔礼道歉与其他民事责任的适用。《民法典》第一千条将“赔礼道歉”与“消除影响、恢复名誉”并列,审判组织善用“公开或公布”的替代执行方式,在一定程度上也能发挥抚慰创伤、惩戒教化的功能,但需统一裁判文书中适用“赔礼道歉”时的表达。

Extending a formal apology is known as a civil liability originating from the moral field;the interests of memorials has both legal and moral characteristics as well.In disputes over interests of memorials,most parties will make a lawsuit request for“extending a formal apology”.However,the current law has not clearly defined the protection path for the interests of memorials.The application of extending a formal apology requires appropriate interpretation and argumentation by the judicial organization based on existing laws.Premised on clarifying the positioning of the interests of memorials as“the general personality rights”,judges should consider the extent of harm suffered by the parties involved and the degree of fault of the perpetrator and analyze the sequence of protection between the interests of memorials and freedom of speech.Then the application of extending a formal apology instead of other civil liabilities is conducted reasonably.Under the framework of article 1000 of The Civil Code,which juxtaposes extending a formal apology,elimination of adverse effects,rehabilitation of reputation,utilizing alternative methods of“public disclosure or publication”could also serve to some extent the functions of soothing trauma and disciplinary education similar to apology compensation.However,there is need to standardize the expression of the application of“extending a formal apology”in judicial documents.