在气候变化背景下以社区为基础的灾害风险管理理论研究

Research on Community-based Disaster Risk Management Theory in the Context of Climate Change

在应对全球气候变化导致的各种气象灾害的过程中,依靠外部应急救援被视为减缓气象灾害风险的主要手段,被风险威胁的社区预先就被假定为在灾害发生时被动地等待外界的援助和支持,社区自身的主动被忽视。该文回顾了以社区为基础的灾害风险管理(Community-Based Disaster Risk Management,CBDRM)研究的起源和发展,提炼出了在减灾方案实施中具有重要意义的四个要素,改编以社区为基础的灾害风险管理的模型,最后总结了基于社区的灾害管理理论的机制。该文认为,以社区为基础的灾害风险管理是一种内源式的治理方式,减缓气象灾害风险最为有效的方式是社区自身采取积极和主动的应对策略。重视社区本身在灾害治理方面的作用,有利于提高居民参与灾害治理的积极性且更好地减灾、防灾。

In the process of coping with various meteorological disasters caused by global climate change,emergen⁃cy response measures relying on external rescue are regarded as the main means of mitigating the risk of meteorological di⁃sasters.Communities threatened by risks are presupposed to passively wait for external assistance and support when disas⁃ters occur,and the initiative of the community itself is ignored.The origin and development of Community-Based Disaster Risk Management(CBDRM)research is reviewed,four important elements of community-based disaster management theory are extracted,the model of Community-Based Disaster Risk Management is adapted,and the mechanism of community-based disaster management theory is summarized finally.It is held that community-based disaster risk manage⁃ment is an endogenous governance approach,and the most effective way to mitigate meteorological disaster risk is for com⁃munities to adopt active coping strategies.Paying attention to the role of the community itself in disaster management will help increase residents'enthusiasm to participate in disaster management and better reduce and prevent disasters.