积极老龄化视域下老年教育供给政策“目标—工具”匹配研究

Research on the Match of Goal-Instrument of Supply Policies for Senior Education from the Perspective of Positive Aging

积极老龄化视域下,补齐老年教育供给政策短板,对有效提升老年教育的专业化和可及性、赋能老年人的持续社会化以及促进社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。已有研究从“实践现状”“政策文本”“国外经验”等维度出发,丰富了老年教育供给政策的可选择性,但由于没有重视政策目标的导向和规制作用,易导致政策工具的选择与公共政策保障能力的脱嵌。借助政策工具理论,从“政策目标”维度出发,聚焦老年教育供给的“扩容”和“挖潜”,用自愿型政策工具、混合型政策工具、强制型政策工具等三种工具的有机组合,建构老年教育机构准入的引导机制、老年教育机构可持续发展的促进机制、以及老年教育供给绩效的评价机制等三项机制,积极破解“准入关”“发展关”“考核关”三大政策问题,以期进一步优化老年教育供给的活力与秩序,更好地实现老年人受教育权的公平和可及。

From the perspective of positive aging,addressing the shortcomings of supply policies for senior education is of great significance for effectively enhancing the professionalization and accessibility of senior education,empowering the continuous socialization of the elderly,and promoting the sustainable development of society.Existing studies have enriched the selectivity of senior education supply policies from dimensions such as practice status,policy texts,and foreign experience.However,due to the neglect of the guiding and regulatory role of policy objectives,it is easy to lead to the decoupling of policy tool selection and public policy guarantee capabilities.We use the theory of policy tools to construct three mechanisms that focus on the expansion and tapping of the senior education supply.These mechanisms include a guidance mechanism for entry of senior education institutions,a promotion mechanism for sustainable development,and an evaluation mechanism for the performance of senior education supply.They are formed by combining voluntary,mixed,and mandatory policy tools with a starting point in the dimension of policy objectives.We actively solve three major policy issues:access barrier,development barrier,and assessment barrier,with a view to further optimize the vitality and order of senior education supply and better achieve the equity and accessibility of senior citizens'right to receive education.