基于皮质醇调控的番石榴幼果水提物降血糖机制

Hypoglycemic Mechanism of Immature Guava Fruit Water Extract Based on Cortisol Regulation

为研究番石榴幼果水提物对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用机制,通过链脲佐菌素诱导建立糖尿病小鼠模型,将小鼠分为正常组、正常降糖组、模型组、阳性组和番石榴幼果提取物高、中、低剂量组。测定小鼠的空腹血糖值、糖耐量、血脂4项,对肝、肾、胰腺组织进行病理学观察,对血清样本进行非靶向代谢组学研究,研究番石榴幼果对糖尿病小鼠的改善作用。结果显示,相较于模型组,番石榴幼果水提物高剂量组可显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平(P<0.05),提高对葡萄糖的耐受能力(P<0.05),并降低了血清中甘油三酯与总胆固醇水平(P<0.05),对糖尿病小鼠的肝脏、肾脏及胰腺组织(组织形态完整性)具有一定的保护作用。通过血清代谢组学分析筛选出27种有显著回调作用的差异代谢物,明确皮质醇的合成和分泌是一条最相关的代谢通路。结论:番石榴幼果水提物具有一定的降血糖、调节血脂水平和保护肝、肾、胰腺组织的功效,通过调节机体皮质醇激素的水平达到改善糖尿病的目的。

To investigate the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of immature guava fruit extract on diabetic mice,a diabetes mouse model was established through streptozotocin induction.The mice were divided into normal,normal hypoglycemic,model,positive control,and high,medium,and low dose groups of immature guava fruit extract.The fasting blood glucose,glucose tolerance,and lipid profile of the mice were measured.Pathological observations were conducted on the liver,kidney,and pancreatic tissues,and a non-targeted metabolomics study was carried out on the serum samples to investigate the therapeutic effects of immature guava fruit on diabetic mice.The results showed that,compared to the model group,the high-dose immature guava fruit extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels(P<0.05)and improved the glucose tolerance(P<0.05)in diabetic mice.It also lowered the levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol(P<0.05),and exhibited a certain protective effect on the liver,kidney,and pancreatic tissues(tissue morphology integrity)of the diabetic mice.Through serum metabolomics analysis,27 significantly altered differential metabolites had been screened out,and it had been clarified that cortisol synthesis and secretion were the most relevant metabolic pathways.Conclusion:The aqueous extract of immature guava fruit had exhibited certain effects in lowering blood glucose,regulating lipid levels,and protecting liver,kidney,and pancreatic tissues.It had achieved the improvement of diabetes by regulating the body's cortisol hormone levels.