基于文献计量法分析后生元研究现状

Research Status of Postbiotics Based on Bibliometric Method

近年来,具有健康作用的灭活菌体、菌体成分或代谢产物引起国内外研究者的关注,并相继提出后生元(Postbiotics)的术语定义。本文以2022年中国食品科学技术学会益生菌分会提出的后生元定义为依据,采用文献计量方法统计分析中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed、Web of Science(WoS)数据库中关于后生元的研究文献,基于WoS数据库分析国家分布和研究热点。结果显示,在PubMed和WoS数据库中,近3年的发文量超过近20年(2000-2018年)的发文总量,在2021年发文量达到最大值,分别有223篇和248篇,后生元的研究热度不断上升。日本是后生元研究文献数量最多的国家。CNKI数据库中关于后生元的发文量呈波动线性增长,年均增长率为21.76%。本文从体外、动物和临床研究等方面综述后生元的健康作用,分析表明后生元促进肠道健康和调节免疫方面的研究居多。国内外研究表明采用不同微生物灭活工艺制备的后生元,其成分组成和健康作用具有差异性。本文对比分析不同灭活方式的后生元的功效成分、健康作用机制等,为不同菌种/菌株制备后生元提供一定的参考。

In recent years,inactivated bacteria,bacteria components or metabolites with healthy effects have attracted extensive attention from researchers at home and abroad,and the term definition of postbiotics has been put forward successively.Based on the definition of postbiotics proposed by Probiotics Society of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology in 2022,this paper used bibliometrics to statistically analyze the research literature on postbiotics in the databases of China National Knowledge Network(CNKI),PubMed and Web of Science(WoS).Based on WoS database,the country distribution and research hotspots were analyzed.The results showed that in PubMed and WoS databases,the number of publications in the last three years exceeded the total number of publications in the last two decades(2000-2018),and the number of publications reached the maximum in 2021,with 223 and 248 articles respectively.The research heat of the postbiotics was rising continuously,and Japan was the country with the largest number of postbiotics research literatures.The number of publications on postbiotics in CNKI database showed a fluctuating linear growth rate,with an average annual growth rate of 21.76%.In this paper,the health effects of postbiotics were reviewed from in vitro,animal and clinical studies.The analysis shows that postbiotics are mainly involved in promoting intestinal health and regulating immunity.Studies at home and abroad have shown that the composition and health effects of postbiotics prepared by different microbial inactivation processes are different.This paper compared and analyzed the effective components and health action mechanism of postbiotics under different inactivation methods,so as to provide certain reference for the preparation of postbiotics by different strains.