训练方式和训练周期对隐性肥胖者内脏和皮下脂肪的影响

Effects of training modalities and training cycles on visceral and subcutaneous fat in recessively obese individuals

背景:研究表明,运动干预比单纯的药物治疗或限制饮食在减脂方面可能更具优势,但同时研究训练方式与训练周期对肥胖人群内脏和皮下脂肪影响的研究较少见。目的:探究训练方式和训练周期对隐性肥胖女大学生内脏和皮下脂肪的影响。方法:招募郑州工商学院隐性肥胖(体质量指数<24 kg/m^(2)且体脂含量百分数≥30%)女大学生63名,采用抽签法随机分为高强度间歇性训练组(n=32)、中等强度持续性训练组(n=31)。两组受试者均在跑台上进行对应强度的运动训练,并保证两组运动量相当,每周3次,每4周为1个训练周期,为期16周。训练前及每个训练周期末,使用对应的测试装置测量被试内脏脂肪、皮下脂肪及整体脂肪情况。结果与结论:(1)重复测量F检验结果显示,内脏脂肪面积、内脏脂肪指数、腹部皮下脂肪厚度、体脂含量和体质量指数的训练周期主效应显著,肱三头肌和肩胛骨部位皮下脂肪厚度的训练方式主效应显著,所有指标训练方式和训练周期的交互效应均显著(P均<0.05);(2)简单效应检验结果显示,训练第4,12周末的内脏脂肪面积和内脏脂肪指数,训练第8,12周末的肱三头肌、肩胛骨和腹部皮下脂肪厚度,以及第8周末体脂含量和体质量指数的训练方式简单效应显著;组内所有指标训练周期的简单效应显著;(3)多重比较结果显示,高强度间歇性训练组训练第4,8,12,16周末的内脏脂肪面积、内脏脂肪指数、体脂含量、体质量指数和腹部皮下脂肪厚度依次下降,训练第8,12,16周末肱三头肌和肩胛骨部位的皮下脂肪厚度依次下降(P均<0.05);中等强度持续性训练组训练第8,12,16周末的内脏脂肪面积、内脏脂肪指数、肱三头肌和肩胛骨部位皮下脂肪厚度以及体脂含量和体质量指数依次下降,训练第4,8,12,16周末的腹部皮下脂肪厚度依次下降(P均<0.05);(4)结果显示,训练方式和训练周期均是影响隐性肥胖女大学生内脏和皮下脂肪的因素,训练方式主要影响肱三头肌和肩胛骨部位皮下脂肪,但在较长训练周期中减脂效果可能趋同;训练周期主要影响内脏脂肪面积、内脏脂肪指数、腹部皮下脂肪、体脂含量和体质量指数。

BACKGROUND:Research suggests that exercise interventions may be more advantageous than pharmacologic treatments or dietary restriction alone for fat loss,but fewer studies have simultaneously examined the effects of training modalities and training cycles on visceral and subcutaneous fat in obese populations.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of training modalities and training cycles on visceral and subcutaneous fat in recessive obesity female college students.METHODS:Sixty-three female college students with hidden obesity(body mass index<24 kg/m^(2) and body fat content percentage≥30%)were recruited from Zhengzhou College of Commerce and Industry,and were randomly divided into a high-intensity intermittent training group(n=32)and a moderate-intensity continuous training group(n=31)using the lottery method.Subjects in both groups performed exercise training of corresponding intensity on a running platform and ensured that the exercise volume of both groups was equal,3 times per week,every 4 weeks as one training cycle for 16 weeks.Before training and at the end of each training cycle,subjects’visceral fat,subcutaneous fat,and overall fat were measured using the corresponding test devices.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The repeated measures F results indicated that the main effects of training cycles on visceral fat area,visceral fat index,abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness,percentage of body fat and body mass index were significant,while the main effects of training modalities were significant for subcutaneous fat thickness in the triceps brachii and scapula regions.All the interaction effects between training modalities and training cycles were significant(P<0.05).Results from the simple effect tests revealed that the significant simple effects of training modalities at the 4^(th) and 12^(th) weeks for visceral fat area and visceral fat index,at the 8^(th) and 12^(th) weeks for subcutaneous fat thickness in the triceps brachii,scapula region,and abdominal regions,and at the 8^(th) week for the percentage of body fat and body mass index.Simple effects of training cycles were significant for all measures within each group.(3)The results of multiple comparison tests indicated that in the high-intensity intermittent training group,visceral fat area,visceral fat index,percentage of body fat,body mass index and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness decreased sequentially at the 4^(th),8^(th),12^(th),and 16^(th) weeks,and subcutaneous fat thickness of the triceps brachii and scapula decreased sequentially at the 8^(th),12^(th),and 16^(th) weeks(P<0.05).In the moderate-intensity continuous training group,visceral fat area,visceral fat index,subcutaneous fat thickness of the triceps brachii and scapula,percentage of body fat and body mass index decreased successively at the 8^(th),12^(th),and 16^(th) weeks,while abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness decreased successively at the 4^(th),8^(th),12^(th),and 16^(th) weeks(P<0.05).To conclude,both training modalities and training cycles are factors influencing visceral and subcutaneous fat in recessive obesity female college students.Training modality primarily affects subcutaneous fat in the triceps brachii and scapular region,but the fat loss effects may converge over a longer training cycle;training cycle primarily affects visceral fat area,visceral fat index,abdominal subcutaneous fat,body fat content,and body mass index.