运动对大学生肠道菌群影响的系统综述

Effects of exercise intervention on intestinal flora in college students:a systematic review

背景:运动对肠道菌群的调节与人体健康密切相关,但肠道菌群涉及多方面因素影响,国内外研究尚缺乏有关运动对大学生肠道菌群影响的较为一致的证据。目的:探讨运动对大学生肠道菌群多样性和物种组成的影响。方法:通过系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Medline、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方、维普数据库,筛选后纳入8篇实证研究,对其采用半定量的方法进行分析。结果与结论:①在运动改变大学生肠道菌群物种多样性方面,高强度间歇训练和太极拳运动均能显著提升大学生肠道菌群的物种多样性,而有氧运动对大学生肠道菌群多样性的提升效果不显著;②在运动影响肠道菌群物种组成方面,3种运动方式均能显著改变大学生肠道中菌群的组成结构,可以提高瘤胃球菌、普氏粪杆菌、布劳提亚菌等有益菌的丰度,降低埃希氏菌属等有害菌的丰度;相较于高强度间歇训练,有氧运动和太极拳运动引起了更多有益菌丰度的提升;③除肠道菌群特征的变化外,运动还可以改善大学生体成分、心肺功能以及执行功能等,这些健康效益与运动引起的菌群变化密切相关,这些菌群可通过代谢调节、屏障功能以及神经调节对机体产生健康效益;④虽然目前已有研究证实了运动与肠道菌群存在关联,但运动影响肠道菌群的机制尚未明确,同时定位与宿主健康相关的菌群是未来以肠道菌群为治疗靶点的关键,这些均值得学者进一步关注和探究。

BACKGROUND:The regulation of intestinal flora by exercise is closely related to human health,but intestinal flora involves many factors.Existing studies have lacked consistent evidence on the effect of exercise on the intestinal flora of college students.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of exercise on intestinal flora diversity and species composition of college students.METHODS:Through systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Medline,Cochrane Library,CNKI,WanFang Database and VIP database,eight empirical studies were selected and included,and semi-quantitative analysis was performed on them.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In terms of the species diversity of the intestinal flora,both high-intensity interval training and Tai Chi exercise significantly enhance the species diversity of intestinal flora in college students,while aerobic exercise does not have a significant effect on the enhancement of intestinal flora diversity in college students.In terms of the species composition of the intestinal flora,all three exercise modalities significantly alter the compositional structure of the intestinal flora in college students,which can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Ruminalococcus,Faecalis prevotelli,Blautia,and decrease the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia spp.Compared with high-intensity interval training,aerobic and Tai Chi exercise causes more elevated abundance of beneficial bacteria.In addition to changes in intestinal flora characteristics,exercise improves body composition,cardiorespiratory function,and executive function in college students,and these health benefits are closely linked to exercise-induced changes in intestinal flora that can produce health benefits for the body through metabolic regulation,barrier function,and neuromodulation.Although studies have confirmed the association between exercise and intestinal flora,the mechanism by which exercise affects intestinal flora has not yet been clarified,and at the same time,localizing the flora related to the host health is the key to targeting intestinal flora as a therapeutic target in the future,all of which are worthy of further attention and investigation.