增材制造形状记忆合金的最新进展

Recent advances on additive manufactured shape memory alloys

增材制造(AM)作为一项革命性技术,能够以前所未有的自由度制造复杂的形状记忆合金(SMA)部件,从而为现代制造业的发展以及传统制造业的转型提供巨大契机。本篇综述从微观结构、性能和前景的角度阐明增材制造形状记忆合金的研究进展,为制备具有高性能和多功能性的理想材料拓宽思路。改变扫描参数能够有效调控打印过程中独特的微观组织——外延凝固形成的柱状晶粒。在析出相、位错、孪晶与层错等微观结构的综合影响下可获得优异且稳定的形状记忆效应与超弹性。最后,仍需要在材料、技术、性能和方法等方面取得进一步突破,以促进增材制造形状记忆合金在各行业 中的应用。

Additive manufacturing(AM),as a revolutionary technology,enables the fabrication of complex shape memory alloy(SMA)components with unprecedented degrees of freedom,thus providing tremendous opportunities for developing modern manufacturing and transforming traditional manufacturing.Herein,this review aims to broaden ideas for preparing AM-built SMAs with high performance and multifunctionality through elucidating of the current advancements from the perspectives of the microstructure,properties,and prospects.It is concluded that the columnar grains formed by epitaxial solidification,and the prominent microstructure characteristics during printing,are modulated by different scanning parameters.The combined effects of microstructures,such as precipitates,dislocations,twins and stacking faults,can lead to desirable materials with excellent and stable shape memory effect and superelastic effect.Finally,further breakthroughs in materials,technologies,properties and methods are needed to facilitate applicability in various industries.