论儒、兵两家的分离与再合

On the Separation and Reintegration of the Schools of Thought of Confucianism and Military Strategists

儒、兵两家都诞生于春秋后期,通过比较孙子和孔子二人的学说,不难看出二者之间的内在一致性。随着中国的历史由春秋走向战国,尽管在吴子、孟子、荀子等人的学说中仍能看到儒、兵两家相互贯通的影子,但魏文侯、临武君等人的表现无疑反映了两家至少在人们的认知中已经走向了分裂的趋势。这种趋势在后来逐渐外化为一些制度性的安排进而成为某些政治动乱的部分原因,所以自宋朝以来,无论朝廷官方还是各路有志之士都在积极推动两家的重新整合。

Both the schools of thought of Confucianism and military strategists were born in the late Spring and Autumn Period.By comparing the doctrines of Sun Zi and Confucius,it is not difficult to see the internal consistency between them.As Chinese history moved from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period,although the shadow of the mutual connection between Confucianism and military strategists,can still be seen in the doctrines of Wu Zi,Mencius,and Xun Zi.The performance of Wei Wenhou and Lin Wujun undoubtedly reflected that the two schools had already moved towards a trend of separation,at least in people’s cognition.This trend was later gradually externalized into some institutional arrangements and then became part of the cause of some political unrest.Therefore,since the Song Dynasty,both the court officials and various people with lofty ideals have been actively promoting the reintegration of the two schools.