论尉缭子的“文武之道”

On Wei Liaozi’s“Way of Civil and Military Affairs”

“文武之道”原是指尧、舜、禹、汤、周文、周武等古代圣王治国平天下之道。20世纪70年代初,在山东临沂银雀山汉墓发现了大批兵书残简,其中有与今本《尉缭子》[1]大致相同的残简六篇。残简中多有尉缭对“文、武”的论述,他以治兵实际为出发点,紧密联系战国大变革的时代特点,适应战国大变革时代变化,结合兵家治军的实际经验,形成了带有兵家思想特色的“文武之道”,即以德为先、刑为后的教戒之道,赏于前、罚为后的兴功止奸之道,文攻武守的固国之道。

“Way of civil and military affairs”originally refers to the way of governing the country and pacifying the world by ancient sage kings such as Yao,Shun,Yu,Tang,Zhou Wen,and Zhou Wu acclaimed by Confucianism.In the early 1970s,a large number of bamboo fragments of military book were discovered in the Han dynasty tomb at Yinqueshan in Linyi,Shandong Province.Among them,there are six fragments that are roughly the same as the current version of Wei Liaozi.Many of the fragments contain Wei Liaozi’s discussion on“civil and military affairs”.He took the actual management of the army as the starting point,closely linked it with the characteristics of the era of great changes in the Warring States Period,adapted to the changes in the era of great changes in the Warring States Period,and combined the actual experience of military strategists in managing the army.He formed the“way of civil and military affairs”with the characteristics of military strategists’thoughts,that is,the way of teaching and admonishing with virtue first and punishment second,the way of rewarding first and punishing later to promote merit and stop evil,and the way of consolidating the country with civil attack and military defense.