我国海洋环境污染司法鉴定问题研究——基于2017—2022年涉海裁判文书的分析

Research on Forensic Appraisal of Marine Environmental Pollution——Based on Analysis of Relevant Judgment Documents in 2017—2022

随着海洋经济的快速发展,海洋环境污染问题日益突出。现对全国2017—2022年期间的55份关于海洋环境污染裁判文书进行分析,从司法实践的角度总结当前海洋环境污染司法鉴定类型及实施情况。这些海洋环境污染类案件主要涉及船舶污染、陆源污染物、海洋倾废、海洋开发等,占比分别为25.45%、30.91%、14.55%和29.09%。此类案件专业性强,涉及领域广,80%以上都涉及理化检验或损害鉴定评估类司法鉴定。通过对以上案件的司法鉴定情况进行分析,发现这些司法鉴定案例普遍存在检测指标明确、检测技术溯源性差、损害鉴定评估费用高、收费标准不统一等特点。为更好地支持海洋环境污染类案件的办理,司法鉴定工作应更多地关注新型污染物鉴定技术,创新污染物溯源方法,发挥专家意见作用,制定统一评估标准等。

With the rapid development of the marine economy,the problem of marine environmental pollution has become increasingly prominent.In this paper,a total of 55 marine environmental pollution judgment documents on marine environmental pollution from 2017 to 2022 have been analyzed,and the types and implementation of these judgement documents have also been summarized from the perspective of judicial practice.These cases mainly relate to ship pollution,land-based pollutants,marine dumping and marine development,accounting for 25.45%,30.91%,14.55%and 29.09%,respectively.The forensic appraisal of these cases depends on professional knowledge,covering a wide range of fields.More than 80%involve forensic appraisal of physical and chemical determination or damage appraisal and evaluation.It was found that the cases involving forensic appraisal have some similar characteristics,including clearer indicators,weaker traceability,higher costs for appraisal and evaluation,and inconsistent charging standards.In order to better support the handling of marine environmental pollution cases,forensic appraisal works should pay more attention on developing appraisal techniques on new pollutants and innovative methods on pollution traceability,attaching importance to expert opinions and setting uniform evaluation criteria.