公安机关鉴定二元监管体制的构建路径

The Construction Path of the Dual Supervision System for Public Security Organ’s Appraisal

自2017年中央全面深化改革小组第三十七次会议审议通过《关于健全统一司法鉴定管理体制的实施意见》以来,便有学者呼吁合并司法行政机关与公安机关鉴定监管双轨并行体制,以达成统一管理。事实上统一的司法鉴定管理并非要求鉴定管理主体的唯一性,而旨在健全统一的鉴定规范、标准与要求,促进司法行政机关与公安机关双方鉴定监管模式在各自体制内的合理性、稳定性以及相对一致性。面对现阶段公安机关鉴定技术监管难题,单一式的纵向行政管理模式显然难以应对,如不通过改革补足其技术监督机制的缺位可能影响公安机关鉴定质量控制体系的有效运行。因此,应当构建行政管理与行业自律管理相结合的二元监管模式,以完善公安机关鉴定监管体制,使其符合统一司法鉴定管理体制下公安机关鉴定的合理定位。

Since the 37th meeting of the Central Committee's Comprehensive Deepening Reform Group in 2017,which reviewed and approved the Implementation Opinions on Improving the Unified Forensic Appraisal Management System,some scholars have called for the merger of the dual track parallel systems of forensic appraisal supervision by judicial administrative departments and public security organs to achieve unified management.In fact,the unified forensic appraisal management does not require a single forensic appraisal management organ,but aims to improve unified forensic appraisal norms,standards,and requirements,to promote the rationality,stability,and relative consistency of forensic appraisal supervision norms between judicial administrative departments and public security organs within their respective constitutions.Based on this,a single vertical administrative management model is obviously difficult to cope with the current difficulties in the supervision of public security forensic appraisal technology.If the lack of technical supervision mechanism is not filled through reform,it will inevitably affect the effective operation of the public security forensic science quality control system.Therefore,a dual regulatory model combining administrative management and industry self-discipline management should be established to improve the public security organs’supervision system of forensic appraisal,making it in line with the reasonable positioning of public security organs under the unified forensic appraisal management system.