2019-2023年湖南农业气象灾害情势及防灾减灾建议

Analysis of Agro-Meteorological Disaster Situation and Disaster Prevention and Reduction in Hunan Province from 2019 to 2023

为了构建更加稳固有效的农业防灾减灾救灾机制,统计了湖南2019-2023年农业气象灾害发生情况,分析湖南农业防灾减灾基础和体系建设现状、存在的问题,并提出关于湖南农业防灾减灾的建议。湖南2019-2023年主要农业气象灾害包括干旱灾害、洪涝灾害、低温冷害、冰雪冻害、冰雹灾害。就湖南农业防灾减灾基础和体系建设现状而言,农业防灾减灾机构体系基本成型,农业防灾减灾预警机制逐步完善,农业防灾减灾硬件基础稳步提升,农业防灾减灾科技支撑持续增强,农业防灾减灾服务体系不断夯实。湖南农业防灾减灾存在的问题包括认识不够充分,防灾准备不足;基础比较薄弱,设施维护不够;理念相对滞后,机制有待完善;技术支撑、人员配置有待加强等。在此基础上,提出关于湖南农业防灾减灾的建议:建立面广长效的农业防灾减灾工程体系,建立长效协同响应机制和物资储备体系,健全以品种为核心的防灾减灾技术体系,完善多方参与的农业防灾减灾救灾体系。

In order to build a more stable and effective mechanism for agricultural disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief,the occurrence of agro-meteorological disasters in Hunan from 2019 to 2023 is analyzed,the current situation and existing problems of the foundation and system construction of agricultural disaster prevention and reduction in Hunan are studied,and suggestions on agricultural disaster prevention and reduction in Hunan are put forward.The main agro-meteorological disasters in Hunan from 2019 to 2023 include drought disaster,flood disaster,low temperature and cold disaster,ice and snow freezing disaster,and hail disaster.In terms of the current situation of agricultural disaster prevention and reduction foundation and system construction in Hunan,the agricultural disaster prevention and reduction institution system has basically taken shape,the early warning mechanism of agricultural disaster prevention and reduction has gradually improved,the hardware foundation of agricultural disaster prevention and reduction has steadily improved,the scientific and technological support for agricultural disaster prevention and reduction has continued to strengthen,and the agricultural disaster prevention and reduction service system has been continuously consolidated.The problems of agricultural disaster prevention and reduction in Hunan are as follows:the awareness and disaster preparedness are insufficient;the foundation is relatively weak,and the facility maintenance needs to be strengthened;the concept is relatively backward,and the mechanism needs to be improved;technical support and personnel allocation need to be strengthened.Hence,the paper puts forward suggestions on agricultural disaster prevention and reduction in Hunan:establishing a broad and long-term agricultural disaster prevention and reduction engineering system,establishing a long-term collaborative response mechanism and material reserve system,improving the disaster prevention and reduction technology system with the variety as the core,and improving the agricultural disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief system with multi-participation.