大口径光学合成孔径系统研究进展

Advances in Research on Large-Aperture Optical Synthetic Aperture Systems

光学合成孔径技术是增大望远镜有效口径、提高望远镜分辨率、增强望远镜集光能力的有效途径,但是大口径光学合成孔径系统的技术难度随着子孔径离散程度的提高与自由度的释放呈指数级增长。文章比较了光学合成孔径系统的基本原理与结构形式,回顾了以拼接式、稀疏孔径式和分布式为代表的大口径光学合成孔径系统的发展历程,分析了大口径光学合成孔径系统在主动光学、编队与控制、路径规划等关键技术领域面临的技术难题,并提出下一代大口径光学合成孔径系统的发展方向。

Optical synthetic aperture technology is an effective way to increase the effective aperture of telescopes,enhance their resolutions,and improve their light-gathering capabilities.However,the technical difficulty of large-aperture optical synthetic aperture systems grows exponentially with the increase in subaperture discreteness and the release of degrees of freedom.This paper compares the basic principles and structural forms of optical synthetic aperture systems,reviews the development history of large-aperture optical synthetic aperture systems represented by segmented,sparse aperture,and distributed configurations,and analyzes the technical challenges faced in key areas such as active optics,formation and control,and path planning.Furthermore,the development direction is proposed for the next generation of large-aperture optical synthetic aperture systems.