五代十国之十国音乐考——兼论五代十国“多元一体”音乐文化格局的形成

Music of the Ten Kingdoms during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms:The Formation of the Music Culture Pattern of“Diversity in Unity” during the Period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

十国是指在唐末、五代及宋初,中原地区之外存在的多个地方政权,主要有:前蜀、后蜀、南吴、闽国、吴越、南楚、南汉、南平、南唐、北汉,这10个国家相互之间的关系,或承前后继,或并行发展。十国时期是唐宋社会继代变革的中间地带和音乐文化转型的关键节点,其音乐文化发展具有鲜明的地域特征和时代共性,与同一时期的中原五代的音乐具有显著的共性与差异。综合关于“五代音乐”和“十国音乐”的研究来看,在短暂的时间轴和复杂的空间区域分布中,不同时期、不同地域政权的音乐在交流、交往、交融的过程中,汉魏至隋唐的核心音乐文化特征一直在绵延不绝地继替发展——这个从“多元”到“一体”的融合过程,在历史的长河中从未间断。

Ten Kingdoms refers to a number of local regimesat the end of the Tang Dynasty,the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Song Dynasty,which were outside the Central Plain region,mainly:Former Shu,Later Shu,South Wu,Min,Wu Yue,South Chu,South Han,South Ping,South Tang,and North Han.The relationship between these ten states was complicated as they were one after the other or developed parallelly.The period of the Ten Kingdoms is the middle zone of the Tang and Song dynasties and the key node of the transformation of music culture,and its music culture development has distinctive regional characteristics and commonality of the times,compared with that of the Five Dynasties in the Central Plains in the same period.From the comprehensive research on the music of the Five Dynasties and the music of the Ten Kingdoms,it can be seen that,in the short time axis and complex spatial and regional distribution,along with the music of different regions and regimes developing in the process of exchanges,interaction,and intermingling,the core music culture of the Han-Wei and Sui-Tang dynasties has been continuing to develop.This is a process of fusion from “plurality” to “unity” that has never been interrupted in the long course of history.