我国生物多样性保护自然-社会科学交叉融合与发展

Research on interdisciplinary integration and development of natural-social sciences for biodiversity conservation in China

保护科学前沿研究重视克服单一学科的局限而向超越自然科学和社会科学跨学科交叉融合转型。基于世界自然保护联盟-世界保护区委员会(IUCN-WCPA)自然保护地管理有效性框架,从规划制定、执行和评估三个方面系统梳理了我国保护科学的研究进展,分析了保护自然科学和社会科学在研究内容、方法和视角等方面的差异,识别出潜在的跨学科综合研究领域。结果表明,我国保护自然科学与社会科学研究大多相互独立、缺乏融合协作,少有的跨学科研究在整体性、系统性、兼容性、深入性和规范性上有待提高。自然科学家在介入社会科学研究时缺乏对现实制度的科学理解,所提出的保护政策和行动建议偏向理想主义,阻碍保护科学跨学科知识生产;社会科学家则缺乏自然科学方法和数据的知识积累,所提出的政策和行动建议脱离事实和证据,偏向主观主义,不利于保护科学知识进步。为此,构建了基于自然保护地适应性管理逻辑下的保护科学跨学科整合框架,以推动保护科学共同话语的形成,实现社会与生态的耦合协调发展。

Frontier conservation science research emphasizes to overcome the limitations of a single discipline while to transcend the interdisciplinary cross-integration of natural and social sciences.Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature-World Commission on Protected Areas(IUCN-WCPA)framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas,this paper systematically reviews the progress of conservation science research in China from three perspectives:formulation,implementation,and evaluation of biodiversity conservation planning.We identified potential fields for interdisciplinary research by comparing the differences in research content,approaches and perspectives between conservation natural science and conservation social science.The findings show that research in conservation natural and social sciences in China is mostly independent of each other and lacks integration and collaboration,and the integrity,systematicity,compatibility,depth and normalization of the few interdisciplinary studies need to be improved.Due to a lack of scientific understanding of the real institution,conservation policy and action recommendations proposed by natural scientists when engaging in social science research tend to be idealistic and may hinder the production of interdisciplinary knowledge in conservation science;due to the limited knowledge of natural science methods and data,policy and action recommendations with subjectivism informed by social scientists are always detached from facts and evidence,which is not conducive to the advancement of conservation science knowledge.This paper attempts to build a framework for interdisciplinary integration of conservation science based on the logic of adaptive management of the protected areas to facilitate the formation of a common discourse on conservation science and achieve the coupled and coordinated development of society and ecology.