基于“生态-气候适应性-游憩”多功能耦合的复合绿地生态网络格局优化

Optimization of complex green space ecological network pattern based on the multi-functional coupling of ecology-climate adaption-recreation

城市生态环境问题日益突出,如何构建多功能耦合的绿地生态网络格局是促进人居环境可持续发展的重要议题。以成都市为研究区,基于“源-汇”理论,综合运用形态学空间格局分析(Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis,MSPA)、景观连通性指数、电路理论等方法对生物多样性保护、热环境改善、游憩服务构建单因子网络,分析源地、廊道、生态战略点等空间要素特征,形成基于“生态-气候适应性-游憩”多层级、多功能复合生态网络优化格局。结果表明:(1)筛选出“源”-“汇”景观(生态159—29个,气候适应性30—14个,游憩208—40个)。生物迁徙廊道在研究区中部、西南部呈团簇状分布;气候适应性廊道呈中部集聚、东西稀疏的分布特征;游憩廊道相对密集,以中心城区为核心向四周扩散。(2)多层级“源-汇”景观网络中,总长度上,游憩廊道>生物迁徙廊道>气候适应性廊道;总面积上,生物迁徙廊道>游憩廊道>气候适应性廊道。一、二级廊道的适宜宽度为生态廊道200、100m,气候适应性廊道100、60m;游憩廊道60、30m。(3)叠加多目标廊道获得生态关键点753个,干扰点2371个。游憩源地中8.18%的面积应退让给生态廊道和气候适应性廊道。多功能耦合的生态网络优化格局可激活不同景观资源的潜在价值,对协调生态保护与城市发展的双向需求,实现绿地资源在城市空间中的最优配置具有重要意义。

In the context of increasingly prominent urban ecological environment problems,how to construct a multi-functional coupled green space ecological network pattern is an important issue for promoting the sustainable development of the human settlement environment.Taking Chengdu City as the research area,based on the source-sink theory,Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity index,circuit theory,and other methods were comprehensively used to construct a single-factor network for functions such as biodiversity protection,thermal environment improvement,and recreational services.The characteristics of spatial elements,including source areas,corridors,and ecological strategic points,were analyzed.Finally,a multi-level and multi-functional ecological network optimization pattern based on the coupling of ecology-climate adaption-recreation was formulated.The results showed that:(1)Source-sink landscapes were selected(ecological landscape 159—29,climate adaptability 30—14,and recreation 208—40).Biological migration corridors were clustered in the middle and southwest of the study area,while climate adaptability corridors were concentrated in the middle and sparse in the east and west.Recreation corridors were relatively dense,with the central city as the core and extending to the surrounding areas.(2)In the multi-level source-sink landscape network,the overall length in descending order was recreation corridors>biological migration corridors>climate adaptability corridors;the total area in descending order was biological migration corridors>recreation corridors>climate adaptability corridors.The suitable widths of the first and second ecological corridors were 200 and 100m;climate adaptability corridors should be 100 and 60m wide,and recreational corridors were 60 and 30m wide.(3)By superimposing multi-objective landscape corridors,753 key ecological points and 2371 interference points were obtained.Nearly 8.18% of the area in the recreation source areas should be given back to ecological corridors and climate adaptability corridors.The multi-functional coupled ecological network optimization pattern could activate the potential value of different landscape resources,which is of great significance for coordinating the bidirectional needs of ecological protection and urban development,achieving the optimal allocation of green space resources in urban space.